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      Enfermedad por inclusión microvellositaria como causa de diarrea congénita severa. Caso clínico Translated title: Microvillous inclusion disease as a cause of severe congenital diarrhea. Case report

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          Abstract

          Las diarreas congénitas son patologías graves de baja frecuencia y alta mortalidad. Se manifiestan durante los primeros días o meses de vida con severa diarrea, generando insuficiencia intestinal y dependencia de nutrición parenteral. Se debe sospechar ante un recién nacido o lactante con pérdidas masivas hidroelectrolíticas, y se diagnostican utilizando parámetros clínicos, endoscópicos, histológicos y eventualmente genéticos. El tratamiento es de soporte, con reposición hidroelectrolítica intensa y nutricional. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de diarrea congénita, identificada como Enfermedad por Inclusión Microvellositaria, de presentación neonatal. Caso clínico: Paciente varón edad actual 3 años, hijo de padres consanguíneos, quien debutó a los 10 días de vida con diarrea secretora severa, requiriendo ingreso a unidad de paciente crítico y nutrición parenteral permanente. Inicialmente además con síndrome de Fanconi, que luego se recupera. Se confirmó la sospecha de Enfermedad de Inclusión Microvellositaria utilizando microscopia óptica, electrónica e inmunohistoquímica. Se obtuvo una favorable evolución utilizando nutrición parenteral total (NPT) a domicilio. Conclusiones: Se presenta el primer caso conocido en Chile de un paciente con diarrea congénita por inclusión microvellositaria manejado y su evolución.

          Translated abstract

          Congenital diarrheas correspond to a severe and low frequency digestive disease, with a high mortality. They start a few days or months after birth, leading to intestinal insufficiency and dependence on parenteral nutrition. It must be highly suspected in newborns or infants with diarrhea and severe electrolyte disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical, endoscopic, histologic and eventually genetic findings. Treatment is supportive with intensive correction of electrolyte imbalances as well as parenteral nutrition. Objective: To present a case report of congenital diarrhea identified as microvillous inclusion disease presenting in the neonatal period. Case report: Male patient currently 3 years of age, son of consanguineous parents. At 10 days of age presents a severe secretory diarrhea, requiring treatment in a critical care unit and parenteral nutrition. Initially he also presented with Fanconi syndrome, which improved afterwards. The suspicion of congenital microvillous inclusion was confirmed later by optic and electronic microscopy, and inmunohistochemistry. A succesful evolution was later achieved maintaining home parenteral nutrition after discharge. Conclusion: We present the first known case in Chile of congenital diarrhea due to microvillous inclusión disease and his evolution.

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          Most cited references24

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          MYO5B mutations cause microvillus inclusion disease and disrupt epithelial cell polarity.

          Following homozygosity mapping in a single kindred, we identified nonsense and missense mutations in MYO5B, encoding type Vb myosin motor protein, in individuals with microvillus inclusion disease (MVID). MVID is characterized by lack of microvilli on the surface of enterocytes and occurrence of intracellular vacuolar structures containing microvilli. In addition, mislocalization of transferrin receptor in MVID enterocytes suggests that MYO5B deficiency causes defective trafficking of apical and basolateral proteins in MVID.
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            Outcome on home parenteral nutrition for benign intestinal failure: a review of the literature and benchmarking with the European prospective survey of ESPEN.

            Indications and timing for referral for intestinal transplantation (ITx) were investigated through a review of the literature on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for benign intestinal failure and a benchmarking to the results of a prospective European survey which evaluated the appropriateness of the current indications for ITx.
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              Familial enteropathy: a syndrome of protracted diarrhea from birth, failure to thrive, and hypoplastic villus atrophy.

              We have studied 5 infants with persistent severe diarrhea from birth and marked abnormalities of absorption associated with failure to thrive leading to death in 4 infants. Three had siblings who died and a sibling of a 4th is ill at present, all with a similar illness; 2 were the products of consanguinous marriages. Exhaustive investigation failed to identify a recognized disease entity in any patient. Steatorrhea, sugar malabsorption, dehydration, and acidosis were severe in all patients, whatever the diet fed. Total parenteral nutrition was used, but excessive stool water and electrolyte losses persisted even when nothing was fed by mouth. There was no evidence of a hematological or consistent immunological defect in any infant and no abnormalities of intestinal hormones were noted. In the duodenal mucosa of all infants we saw similar abnormalities characterized by villus atrophy, crypt hypoplasia without an increase in mitoses or inflammatory cell infiltrate in the lamina propria and in villus enterocytes absence of a brush border, increase in lysosome-like inclusions, and autophagocytosis. In 3 infants studied by marker perfusion of the proximal jejunum we found abnormal glucose absorption and a blunted response of Na+ absorption to actively transported nonelectrolytes; in 2 there was net secretion of Na+ and H2O in the basal state. Our patients evidently suffered from a congenital enteropathy which caused profound defects in their capacity to assimilate nutrients. The similar structural lesion seen in the small intestinal epithelium of all of our cases undoubtedly contributed to their compromised intestinal function, but the pathogenesis of this disorder, if indeed it is a single disease, remains obscure.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcp
                Revista chilena de pediatría
                Rev. chil. pediatr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (Santiago, , Chile )
                0370-4106
                2017
                : 88
                : 5
                : 662-667
                Affiliations
                [04] Viña del Mar orgnameHospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke orgdiv1Servicio de Anatomía patológica Chile
                [01] Viña del Mar orgnameHospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke orgdiv1Unidad de Gastroenterología y Nutrición infantil Chile
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Chile
                [03] Viña del Mar orgnameUniversidad Andrés Bello orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Chile
                Article
                S0370-41062017000500015
                cb55c1a3-a053-4236-9d9a-102bbda22496

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 October 2016
                : 23 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Diarrea refractaria del lactante,Microvillous inclusion disease,Intestinal failure,Intractable diarrhea infants,Enfermedad por inclusión microvellositaria,Insuficiencia intestinal

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