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      Estudo da ação da romã (Punica granatum L.) na cicatrização de úlceras induzidas por queimadura em dorso de língua de ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Translated title: Pomegranate action study (Punica granatum L.) for the healing of ulcers induced by burns to the dorso-lingual mucosa in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).

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          Abstract

          RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi observar a ação da romã (Punica granatum L.) em estomatites induzidas por queimaduras no dorso da língua de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos adultos, provenientes do Biotério da UNIVASF. Foram formados quatro grupos (G1: Polpa da romã por gavagem; G2: Polpa da romã por gavagem + aplicação local do chá da casca do fruto; G3: aplicação local do chá da casca do fruto e G4: Controle negativo). As queimaduras foram confeccionadas com instrumental odontológico padrão. Os tratamentos foram realizados duas vezes ao dia, durante 14 dias. Metade dos animais de cada grupo (n=3) foi eutanasiada no sétimo dia de experimentação, enquanto o restante foi eutanasiado no 14º dia. As línguas foram removidas e fixadas com formaldeído a 10% tamponado, processadas com cortes de 5 µm e coradas em HE. Clinicamente, os animais do grupo G2 tiveram melhores resultados. Na análise histológica qualitativa foi avaliada a reepitelização e os graus de inflamação numa escala de 0 a 4. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Houve significância estatística (p=0,026 e p=0,023) quando se comparou o tratamento com os graus de reepitelização e inflamação nos quatro grupos estudados. O grupo G2 apresentou cicatrização completa com 14 dias. Os piores escores obtidos foram atribuídos ao Grupo G4 nos dois parâmetros de avaliação qualitativa. Diante dos resultados obtidos, observa-se que a romã (Punica granatum L.) possui ação cicatrizante na mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to observe the action of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) on stomatitis induced burns on the dorso-lingual musosa in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male, adult Wister albino rats were used, from the bioterium of UNIVASF. There were four groups (G1: Pomegranate juice by gavage; G2: Pomegranate juice by gavage + local application of fruit peel tea; G3: Local application of fruit peel tea only and G4: a negative control). The burns were made with standard dental instruments. The treatments were performed twice a day for 14 days. Half the animals in each group (n = 3) were euthanized on the seventh day of experimentation, while the remainder were euthanized on day 14. The tongues were removed and fixed with a 10% formaldehyde buffer, processed as 5µm sections and stained with HE. Clinically the animals treated with tea showed better healing. For statistical analysis the Pearson chi-squared test was used. There was a statistical significance (p = 0.026 and p = 0.023) when compared to treatment with the degree of re-epithelialization and inflammation of the four groups studied. The G2 group showed complete healing within 14 days. The worst scores were found in the G4 group in both qualitative assessment parameters. Based on these results, it was observed that pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has a healing action on the lingual mucosa of Wistar rats.

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          Anthocyanin- and hydrolyzable tannin-rich pomegranate fruit extract modulates MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways and inhibits skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice.

          Chemoprevention has come of age as an effective cancer control modality; however, the search for novel agent(s) for the armamentarium of cancer chemoprevention continues. We argue that agents capable of intervening at more than one critical pathway in the carcinogenesis process will have greater advantage over other single-target agents. Pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) derived from the tree Punica granatum possesses strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Pomegranate fruit was extracted with acetone and analyzed based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and found to contain anthocyanins, ellagitannins and hydrolyzable tannins. We evaluated whether PFE possesses antitumor-promoting effects. We first determined the effect of topical application of PFE to CD-1 mice against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced conventional markers and other novel markers of skin tumor promotion. We found that topical application of PFE (2 mg/mouse) 30 min prior to TPA (3.2 nmole/mouse) application on mouse skin afforded significant inhibition, in a time-dependent manner, against TPA-mediated increase in skin edema and hyperplasia, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and protein expression of ODC and cyclooxygenase-2. We also found that topical application of PFE resulted in inhibition of TPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2, as well as activation of NF-kappaB and IKKalpha and phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. We next assessed the effect of skin application of PFE on TPA-induced skin tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated CD-1 mouse. The animals pretreated with PFE showed substantially reduced tumor incidence and lower tumor body burden when assessed as total number of tumors per group, percent of mice with tumors and number of tumors per animal as compared to animals that did not receive PFE. In TPA-treated group, 100% of the mice developed tumors at 16 weeks on test, whereas at this time in PFE-treated group, only 30% mice exhibited tumors. Skin application of PFE prior to TPA application also resulted in a significant delay in latency period from 9 to 14 weeks and afforded protection when tumor data were considered in terms of tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity. The results of our study provide clear evidence that PFE possesses antiskin-tumor-promoting effects in CD-1 mouse. Because PFE is capable of inhibiting conventional as well as novel biomarkers of TPA-induced tumor promotion, it may possess chemopreventive activity in a wide range of tumor models. Thus, an in-depth study to define active agent(s) in PFE capable of affording antitumor-promoting effect is warranted.
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            Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary heart disease.

            Pomegranate juice contains antioxidants such as soluble polyphenols, tannins, and anthocyanins and may have antiatherosclerotic properties. However, no study has investigated the effects of pomegranate juice on patients who have ischemic coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated whether daily consumption of pomegranate juice for 3 months would affect myocardial perfusion in 45 patients who had CHD and myocardial ischemia in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Patients were randomly assigned into 1 of 2 groups: a pomegranate juice group (240 ml/day) or a placebo group that drank a beverage of similar caloric content, amount, flavor, and color. Participants underwent electrocardiographic-gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomographic technetium-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy at rest and during stress at baseline and 3 months. Visual scoring of images using standardized segmentation and nomenclature (17 segments, scale 0 to 4) was performed by a blinded independent nuclear cardiologist. To assess the amount of inducible ischemia, the summed difference score (SDS) was calculated by subtracting the summed score at rest from the summed stress score. The experimental and control groups showed similar levels of stress-induced ischemia (SDS) at baseline (p >0.05). After 3 months, the extent of stress-induced ischemia decreased in the pomegranate group (SDS -0.8 +/- 2.7) but increased in the control group (SDS 1.2 +/- 3.1, p <0.05). This benefit was observed without changes in cardiac medications, blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, weight, or blood pressure in either group. In conclusion, daily consumption of pomegranate juice may improve stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients who have CHD.
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              The inhibition of gastric mucosal injury by Punicagranatum L. (pomegranate) methanolic extract.

              Administration of 70% methanolic extract of Punicagranatum fruit rind (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) shows a percentage of inhibition in 22.37, 74.21 and 21.95, 63.41 in aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulceration, respectively. In treated groups of animals, the in vivo antioxidant levels such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were increased and found more or less equal to the normal values. The tissue lipid peroxidation level was found to be decreasing in treated groups of animals as compared to the control group. The histopathological examination of the stomach of the ulcerated animals shows severe erosion of gastric mucosa, sub-mucosal edema and neutrophil infiltration. All of these symptoms were found to be normal in treated groups. In general, the results of the present investigation revealed the gastroprotective activity of the extract through antioxidant mechanism.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbpm
                Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais
                Rev. bras. plantas med.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais
                1983-084X
                June 2016
                : 18
                : 2
                : 423-432
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                Article
                S1516-05722016000200423
                10.1590/1983-084X/15_125
                cb6ec8a0-07ef-440b-9084-ffeb838b3499

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-0572&lng=en
                Categories
                PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Punica granatum L.,cicatrização,estomatites,wound healing,stomatitis

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