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      Antioxidant Function and Metabolomics Study in Mice after Dietary Supplementation with Methionine

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          Abstract

          The antioxidant function and metabolic profiles in mice after dietary supplementation with methionine were investigated. The results showed that methionine supplementation enhanced liver GSH-Px activity and upregulated Gpx1 expression in the liver and SOD1 and Gpx4 expressions in the jejunum. Nrf2/Keap1 is involved in oxidative stress, and the western blotting data exhibited that dietary methionine markedly increased Keap1 abundance, while failed to influence the Nrf2 signal. Metabolomics investigation showed that methionine administration increased 2-hydroxypyridine, salicin, and asparagine and reduced D-Talose, maltose, aminoisobutyric acid, and inosine 5'-monophosphate in the liver, which are widely reported to involve in oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and nucleotides generation. In conclusion, our study provides insights into antioxidant function and liver metabolic profiles in response to dietary supplementation with methionine.

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          Dynamic m6A mRNA methylation directs translational control of heat shock response

          Jun Zhou, Duan-Ji Wan, Xiangwei Gao … (2015)
          The most abundant mRNA post-transcriptional modification is N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) that has broad roles in RNA biology 1-5 . In mammalian cells, the asymmetric distribution of m6A along mRNAs leaves relatively less methylation in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) compared to other regions 6,7 . However, whether and how 5′UTR methylation is regulated is poorly understood. Despite the crucial role of the 5′UTR in translation initiation, very little is known whether m6A modification influences mRNA translation. Here we show that in response to heat shock stress, m6A is preferentially deposited to the 5′UTR of newly transcribed mRNAs. We found that the dynamic 5′UTR methylation is a result of stress-induced nuclear localization of YTHDF2, a well characterized m6A “reader”. Upon heat shock stress, the nuclear YTHDF2 preserves 5′UTR methylation of stress-induced transcripts by limiting the m6A “eraser” FTO from demethylation. Remarkably, the increased 5′UTR methylation in the form of m6A promotes cap-independent translation initiation, providing a mechanism for selective mRNA translation under heat shock stress. Using Hsp70 mRNA as an example, we demonstrate that a single site m6A modification in the 5′UTR enables translation initiation independent of the 5′ end m7G cap. The elucidation of the dynamic feature of 5′UTR methylation and its critical role in cap-independent translation not only expands the breadth of physiological roles of m6A, but also uncovers a previously unappreciated translational control mechanism in heat shock response.
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            Melatonin reprogramming of gut microbiota improves lipid dysmetabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice

            Jie Yin, Yuying Li, Hui Han … (2018)
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              Development of an antioxidant system after early weaning in piglets.

              Jiang Li, Y-W Yin, G. Yang … (2014)
              The objective of this experiment was to investigate oxidative injury and the development of an antioxidant system after early weaning in piglets. A total of 40 piglets (Landrace× Large White, weaned at 14 d after birth) were randomly slaughtered 0 (w0d), 1 (w1d), 3 (w3d), 5 (w5d), or 7 d (w7d; n = 8) after weaning. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and protein carbonyl and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were measured in plasma. Gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. The mediation of transcription factor 65 (p65) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways by oxidative stress was determined by Western blot analysis. Results showed that the plasma MDA level was significantly higher at 3 d (P < 0.05) and that the protein carbonyl level increased at 1, 3, and 5 d (P < 0.05) compared with w0d. In addition, early weaning suppressed the plasma activity of SOD at 1 d (P < 0.05) and reduced the GSH-Px activity at 3 d (P < 0.05). The expression results in the jejunum indicate that the genes related to antioxidant enzymes were downregulated (P < 0.05) at 3 and 5 d after weaning. Uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2), which is considered to be a feedback regulation on reactive oxygen species generation, tended to decrease in the ileum (P < 0.05) after weaning. Tumor protein 53 (p53), which regulates reactive oxygen species generation, was enhanced (P < 0.05) in the jejunum after weaning. Meanwhile, early weaning suppressed p65 (at 3, 5, and 7 d; P < 0.05) and Nrf2 (at 5 and 7 d; P < 0.05) signals in the jejunum, which might feedback-regulate antioxidant gene expression and promote the development of the antioxidant system. Therefore, we speculate that weaning disrupted oxidative balance and caused oxidative injury in piglets, and this imbalance can recover with the development of an antioxidant system via feedback regulation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Dingfu Xiao:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-3888
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 October 2020
                Volume: 2020
                Electronic Location Identifier: 9494528
                Affiliations
                1College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha Hunan 410128, China
                2Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha Hunan 410128, China
                Author notes

                Guest Editor: Lei Sun

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-3888
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2020/9494528
                PMC ID: 7596454
                SO-VID: cb79ed04-ef09-4b13-9a5f-3e8effe27e53
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 Manrong Yu et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 18 February 2020
                Date accepted : 15 May 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Hunan Agricultural University
                Award ID: kxk201801004
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 31872991
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

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