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      Evaluación del fitoplancton y la calidad del agua de un arroyo subtropical del Noroeste Argentino Translated title: Evaluation of phytoplankton and water quality of a subtropical stream in the Northwest of Argentina

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          Abstract

          El arroyo Calimayo pertenece a la cuenca del río Salí, principal red fluvial de la región. Este sistema lótico fue conocido por su gran diversidad biológica. Debido a la instalación de una papelera y sus efluentes las condiciones ecológicas se modificaron. El objetivo fue analizar el fitoplancton y la calidad del agua del arroyo Calimayo. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales desde invierno/2012 hasta otoño/2013 en tres sitios (S1: tramo alto, S2 y S3: sectores medio y bajo, respectivamente). Se recolectaron muestras ambientales y biológicas según metodología convencional. Los mayores registros de temperatura, pH y conductividad eléctrica se presentaron en S2 y S3. El S1 tuvo los máximos valores de oxígeno disuelto y la menor demanda bioquímica de oxígeno. Las diatomeas sobresalieron tanto cuali como cuantitativamente del resto de los grupos algales. El análisis de redundancia (RDA) permitió diferenciar dos grupos fitoplanctónicos en relación a variables abióticas. El S1 estuvo influenciado por estacionalidad, litología y fisicoquímica del agua, denotando un buen estado ecológico. En S2-S3 las condiciones ecológicas se vieron afectadas por el estado trófico del agua y los efluentes polutos, por lo que la calidad del agua y el fitoplancton se vieron notoriamente deteriorados. La ficoflora resultó ser un buen indicador de las condiciones ecológicas de este sistema lótico. Podemos afirmar que las condiciones limnológicas de este arroyo desde la década del 90 hasta la actualidad, fueron degradándose por la presencia de los efluentes industriales.

          Translated abstract

          The Calimayo stream is part of the Salí river basin, the main fluvial network in the region. This lotic system was recognized for its great biodiversity. The settlement of a paper industry altered its ecological conditions due to the production of polluting effluents. The aim of this study was to analyze the phytoplankton of the Calimayo stream in relation to water quality. Sampling was done under a seasonal basis from Winter 2012 to Autumn 2013 at three sites S1, S2, and S3. Environmental and biological samples were collected following standard procedures. The highest values of temperature, pH and electric conductivity were registered in sites S2 and S3. Site S1 had the maximum values of dissolved oxygen and the lower biochemical oxygen demand. Diatoms excelled qualitatively and quantitatively among the other algal groups. Redundancy analysis (RDA) allowed to differentiate two phytoplanktonic groups related to abiotic variables. Site S1 was influenced by seasonality, relief, lithology and physicochemistry of water, denoting good ecological conditions. At S2 and S3 the phycoflora was affected by the trophic state of the water and the pollutants, which caused a notable deterioration of water quality and phytoplankton. Phytoplankton resulted to be a good indicator of the ecological conditions of this lotic system. We can affirm that the limnological conditions of the Calimayo stream from the 90s to the present have been degraded to the presence of industrial effluents.

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          Chlorophyll a Determination: Improvements in Methodology

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            Global analysis of river systems: from Earth system controls to Anthropocene syndromes.

            Continental aquatic systems from rivers to the coastal zone are considered within two perspectives: (i) as a major link between the atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere and oceans within the Earth system with its Holocene dynamics, and (ii) as water and aquatic biota resources progressively used and transformed by humans. Human pressures have now reached a state where the continental aquatic systems can no longer be considered as being controlled by only Earth system processes, thus defining a new era, the Anthropocene. Riverine changes, now observed at the global scale, are described through a first set of syndromes (flood regulation, fragmentation, sediment imbalance, neo-arheism, salinization, chemical contamination, acidification, eutrophication and microbial contamination) with their related causes and symptoms. These syndromes have direct influences on water uses, either positive or negative. They also modify some Earth system key functions such as sediment, water, nutrient and carbon balances, greenhouse gas emissions and aquatic biodiversity. Evolution of river syndromes over the past 2000 years is complex: it depends upon the stages of regional human development and on natural conditions, as illustrated here for the chemical contamination syndrome. River damming, eutrophication and generalized decrease of river flow due to irrigation are some of the other global features of river changes. Future management of river systems should also consider these long-term impacts on the Earth system.
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              Zur Vervollkommung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bonpi
                Bonplandia
                Bonplandia
                Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE) (Corrientes, Corrientes, Argentina )
                0524-0476
                1853-8460
                December 2018
                : 27
                : 2
                : 135-155
                Affiliations
                [04] orgnameCONICET orgdiv1Unidad Ejecutora Lillo mtaboada@ 123456lillo.org.ar
                [01] San Miguel de Tucumán orgnameFund. M. Lillo. Miguel Lillo orgdiv1Instituto de Ficología Argentina
                [02] San Miguel de Tucumán orgnameUniv. Nac. De Tucumán orgdiv1Fac. de Ciencias Naturales e IML orgdiv2Instituto de Limnología del Noroeste Argentino Argentina
                [03] orgnameCONICET orgdiv1Instituto de Biología Neotropical
                Article
                S1853-84602018000200003
                10.30972/bon.2723536
                cb86568f-011f-4758-a7ba-82cd4c0a959f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 April 2018
                : 15 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 96, Pages: 21
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Argentina,arroyo Calimayo,efluentes polutos,microalgas,Tucumán,variables abióticas,bióticas,Abiotic and biotic variables,Calimayo stream,microalgae,polluted effluents

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