IFITMs Restrict the Replication of Multiple Pathogenic Viruses

Abstract

The interferon-inducible transmembrane protein (IFITM) family inhibits a growing number of pathogenic viruses, among them influenza A virus, dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, and Ebola virus. This review covers recent developments in our understanding of the IFITM's molecular determinants, potential mechanisms of action, and impact on pathogenesis.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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  IFITMs are host intramembrane proteins that block viral fusion resulting in virus degradation.

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  IFITMs inhibit a growing number of pathogenic viruses, including influenza A virus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus.

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  Mice null for Ifitm3 exhibit increased disease severity when infected with the influenza A virus.

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  Patients expressing a variant allele of IFITM3 are more likely to develop severe influenza infection.

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  Recent work suggests that IFITMs may toughen the host membrane, thus preventing viral membrane fusion.