Clones de Hevea brasiliensis de alta productividad caracterizados por resistencia a Microcyclus ulei en jardin clonal en el magdalena medio colombiano

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Abstract

Con el objetivo de introducir en la región del magdalena medio de Colombia nuevos clones de caucho (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) de alta productividad y con resistencia al Mal de las Hojas, se evaluaron materiales un jardín clonal establecido en Cimitarra, Colombia en la región del magdalena medio. Se evaluó la incidencia y la severidad del ataque de Microcyclus ulei (P. Henn.) von Arx. según Garcia et al. (1). Se encontró resistencia completa al mal de las hojas para los clones CDC 312, FDR 4575, FDR 5597, FDR 5788 y MDF 180 y resistencia parcial para los clones FX 3864 y CDC 32. Los clones RRIM 901, PB 235 y PB 260 se mostraron como susceptibles. De acuerdo con los resultados, los clones con resistencia total y parcial se podrán recomendar para zonas preferenciales con restricción para el cultivo, una vez este comportamiento se corroboré en campo clonal. En cuanto a los clones susceptibles se pueden recomendar para zonas de escape al mal de las hojas en el Magdalena Medio Colombiano.

Translated abstract

Aimed at introducing to the "Magdalena Medio" region of Colombia new clones of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) of high productivity and resistant to South American Leaf Blight (SALB), material from a clonal garden established in Cimitarra, Colombia, "Magdalena Medio" region, was evaluated. The incidence and severity of the attack by Microcyclus ulei (P. Henn.) von Arx. were evaluated according to Garcia et al. (1). Complete resistance to SALB was found for clones CDC 312, FDR 4575, FDR 5597, FDR 5788 and MDF 180 and partial resistance for FX 3864 and CDC 32. Clones RRIM 901, PB 235 and PB 260 were susceptible. According to the results, clones showing total and partial resistance can be recommended to preferential areas with restrictions to the crop, since this behavior is corroborated in a clonal field. Susceptible clones can be established for areas of escape to SALB in the Colombian "Magdalena Medio".

Translated abstract

Com o objetivo de introduzir à região do Magdalena Medio da Colômbia novos clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) de alta produtividade e resistentes ao Mal das Folhas, avaliaram-se materiais num jardim clonal estabelecido em Cimitarra, Colômbia na região do Magdalena Médio. Avaliou-se a incidência e severidade do ataque de Microcyclus ulei (P. Henn.) von Arx. segundo Garcia et al. (1). Encontrou-se resistência completa ao mal das folhas para os clones CDC 312, FDR 4575, FDR 5597, FDR 5788 e MDF 180 e resistência parcial nos clones FX 3864 e CDC 32. Os clones RRIM 901, PB 235 e PB 260 se amostraram como susceptíveis. Conforme os resultados, os clones com resistência total e parcial se poderão recomendar para zonas preferenciais com restrição à cultura, uma vez este comportamento se corrobore em campo clonal. Em relação aos clones susceptíveis se poderão estabelecer em zonas de escape ao mal das folhas no Magdalena Medio Colombiano.

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Most cited references 8

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South American leaf blight of the rubber tree (Hevea spp.): new steps in plant domestication using physiological features and molecular markers.

Reinhard Lieberei (2007)

Rubber trees (Hevea spp.) are perennial crops of Amazonian origin that have been spread over the whole tropical belt to guarantee worldwide production of natural rubber. This crop plant has found its place in many national economies of producing countries, and although its domestication by selection of suitable genotypes was very slow, it contributes a lot to the welfare of small farmers worldwide. Its development is limited by severe diseases. In South America, the main fungal disease of rubber trees is the South American leaf blight (SALB) caused by the ascomycete Microcyclus ulei. This fungus inhibits natural rubber production on a commercial scale in South and Central America. The disease is still restricted to its continent of origin, but its potential to be distributed around the world rises with every transcontinental airline connection that directly links tropical regions. The need to develop control measures against the disease is an urgent task and must be carried out on an international scale. All control efforts so far taken since 1910 have ended in a miserable failure. Even the use of modern systemic fungicides and use of greatly improved application techniques have failed to prevent large losses and dieback of trees. The results of research dealing with both the disease and the pathosystem over more than 50 years are summarized and placed into perspective. A detailed knowledge of this host-pathogen combination requires understanding of the dynamics of Hevea leaf development, the biochemical potential for cyanide liberation, and molecular data for several types of resistance factors. Resolution of the Hevea-SALB problem may serve as a model for future host-pathogen studies of perennial plants requiring a holistic approach.