13
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Co-occurrence of ecologically similar species of Hawaiian spiders reveals critical early phase of adaptive radiation

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          The processes through which populations originate and diversify ecologically in the initial stages of adaptive radiation are little understood because we lack information on critical steps of early divergence. A key question is, at what point do closely related species interact, setting the stage for competition and ecological specialization? The Hawaiian Islands provide an ideal system to explore the early stages of adaptive radiation because the islands span ages from 0.5–5 Mya. Hawaiian spiders in the genus Tetragnatha have undergone adaptive radiation, with one lineage (“spiny legs”) showing four different ecomorphs ( green, maroon, large brown, small brown); one representative of each ecomorph is generally found at any site on the older islands. Given that the early stages of adaptive radiation are characterized by allopatric divergence between populations of the same ecomorph, the question is, what are the steps towards subsequent co-occurrence of different ecomorphs? Using a transcriptome-based exon capture approach, we focus on early divergence among close relatives of the green ecomorph to understand processes associated with co-occurrence within the same ecomorph at the early stages of adaptive radiation.

          Results

          The major outcomes from the current study are first that closely related species within the same green ecomorph of spiny leg Tetragnatha co-occur on the same single volcano on East Maui, and second that there is no evidence of genetic admixture between these ecologically equivalent species. Further, that multiple genetic lineages exist on a single volcano on Maui suggests that there are no inherent dispersal barriers and that the observed limited distribution of taxa reflects competitive exclusion.

          Conclusions

          The observation of co-occurrence of ecologically equivalent species on the young volcano of Maui provides a missing link in the process of adaptive radiation between the point when recently divergent species of the same ecomorph occur in allopatry, to the point where different ecomorphs co-occur at a site, as found throughout the older islands. More importantly, the ability of close relatives of the same ecomorph to interact, without admixture, may provide the conditions necessary for ecological divergence and independent evolution of ecomorphs associated with adaptive radiation.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1209-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Related collections

          Most cited references33

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Adaptive radiation: contrasting theory with data.

          Biologists have long been fascinated by the exceptionally high diversity displayed by some evolutionary groups. Adaptive radiation in such clades is not only spectacular, but is also an extremely complex process influenced by a variety of ecological, genetic, and developmental factors and strongly dependent on historical contingencies. Using modeling approaches, we identify 10 general patterns concerning the temporal, spatial, and genetic/morphological properties of adaptive radiation. Some of these are strongly supported by empirical work, whereas for others, empirical support is more tentative. In almost all cases, more data are needed. Future progress in our understanding of adaptive radiation will be most successful if theoretical and empirical approaches are integrated, as has happened in other areas of evolutionary biology.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Convergent evolution within an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes.

            The recurrent evolution of convergent forms is a widespread phenomenon in adaptive radiations (e.g., [1-9]). For example, similar ecotypes of anoles lizards have evolved on different islands of the Caribbean, benthic-limnetic species pairs of stickleback fish emerged repeatedly in postglacial lakes, equivalent sets of spider ecomorphs have arisen on Hawaiian islands, and a whole set of convergent species pairs of cichlid fishes evolved in East African Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika. In all these cases, convergent phenotypes originated in geographic isolation from each other. Recent theoretical models, however, predict that convergence should be common within species-rich communities, such as species assemblages resulting from adaptive radiations. Here, we present the most extensive quantitative analysis to date of an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes, discovering multiple instances of convergence in body and trophic morphology. Moreover, we show that convergent morphologies are associated with adaptations to specific habitats and resources and that Lake Tanganyika's cichlid communities are characterized by the sympatric occurrence of convergent forms. This prevalent coexistence of distantly related yet ecomorphologically similar species offers an explanation for the greatly elevated species numbers in cichlid species flocks. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Unlocking the vault: next-generation museum population genomics.

              Natural history museum collections provide unique resources for understanding how species respond to environmental change, including the abrupt, anthropogenic climate change of the past century. Ideally, researchers would conduct genome-scale screening of museum specimens to explore the evolutionary consequences of environmental changes, but to date such analyses have been severely limited by the numerous challenges of working with the highly degraded DNA typical of historic samples. Here, we circumvent these challenges by using custom, multiplexed, exon capture to enrich and sequence ~11,000 exons (~4 Mb) from early 20th-century museum skins. We used this approach to test for changes in genomic diversity accompanying a climate-related range retraction in the alpine chipmunks (Tamias alpinus) in the high Sierra Nevada area of California, USA. We developed robust bioinformatic pipelines that rigorously detect and filter out base misincorporations in DNA derived from skins, most of which likely resulted from postmortem damage. Furthermore, to accommodate genotyping uncertainties associated with low-medium coverage data, we applied a recently developed probabilistic method to call single-nucleotide polymorphisms and estimate allele frequencies and the joint site frequency spectrum. Our results show increased genetic subdivision following range retraction, but no change in overall genetic diversity at either nonsynonymous or synonymous sites. This case study showcases the advantages of integrating emerging genomic and statistical tools in museum collection-based population genomic applications. Such technical advances greatly enhance the value of museum collections, even where a pre-existing reference is lacking and points to a broad range of potential applications in evolutionary and conservation biology. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +1 831 459 3009 , darkocotoras@gmail.com
                kebi@berkeley.edu
                brewermi14@ecu.edu
                drl@berkeley.edu
                stefan.prost@berkeley.edu
                gillespie@berkeley.edu
                Journal
                BMC Evol Biol
                BMC Evol. Biol
                BMC Evolutionary Biology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2148
                19 June 2018
                19 June 2018
                2018
                : 18
                : 100
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2181 7878, GRID grid.47840.3f, Department of Integrative Biology, , University of California, ; 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 USA
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2181 7878, GRID grid.47840.3f, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, , University of California, ; 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160 USA
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2181 7878, GRID grid.47840.3f, Computational Genomics Resource Laboratory (CGRL), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), , University of California, ; Berkeley, CA 94720-3102 USA
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2191 0423, GRID grid.255364.3, Department of Biology, , East Carolina University, ; 1000 E 5th St, Greenville, NC 27858-4353 USA
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2181 7878, GRID grid.47840.3f, Museum of Paleontology, , University of California, ; 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
                [6 ]ISNI 0000000419368956, GRID grid.168010.e, Department of Biology, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA 94305-5020 USA
                [7 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2181 7878, GRID grid.47840.3f, Department of Environmental Science, , University of California, ; 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 USA
                [8 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0740 6917, GRID grid.205975.c, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, , University of California Santa Cruz, ; Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
                [9 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0461 6769, GRID grid.242287.9, Department of Entomology / Center for Comparative Genomics, , California Academy of Sciences, ; San Francisco, CA 94118 USA
                Article
                1209
                10.1186/s12862-018-1209-y
                6009049
                29921226
                cbbb2e24-0ea3-4d77-8f20-57633c6266ef
                © The Author(s). 2018

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 6 March 2017
                : 5 June 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: Fulbright/CONICYT
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000076, Directorate for Biological Sciences;
                Award ID: DEB 1241253
                Funded by: Graduate Division UC Berkeley
                Funded by: Essig Museum of Entomology
                Funded by: Sigma Xi
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Evolutionary Biology
                tetragnatha,ecomorph,exon capture,phylogeography
                Evolutionary Biology
                tetragnatha, ecomorph, exon capture, phylogeography

                Comments

                Comment on this article