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      Revisión bibliográfica sobre la Gestión Integral de la Farmacoterapia en pacientes hospitalizados en Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Translated title: Literature review on medication therapy management in patients admitted to orthopedic surgery and trauma departments

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Explorar la literatura científica sobre las intervenciones farmacéuticas (IF) y la Gestión Integral de la Farmacoterapia (GIF) brindada por farmacéuticos en pacientes hospitalizados en Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (COT). Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos originales y revisiones, publicados en inglés o castellano, hasta el 17 de junio de 2021, cuyo tema principal fueran las IF en pacientes hospitalizados en COT. Bases de datos consultadas: Medline, Cochrane Library y Scielo. Términos empleados: “Orthopedics”, “Traumatology”, “orhopedic surgery”, “orhopedic trauma”, “Medication Therapy Management”, “Pharmacy Service, Hospital”, “Pharmacists”, “Medication Reconciliation”, “Pharmaceutical Care”, “Clinical Pharmacy”. La IF fue considerada GIF cuando implicaba una revisión profunda de la medicación del paciente (Valoración inicial/“Assessment”), evaluando indicación, efectividad, seguridad y cumplimiento/adherencia de cada uno de los medicamentos, y comprobando que todas sus necesidades farmacoterapéuticas estuvieran cubiertas. La implantación de la GIF fue considerada completa cuando además se realizaba un plan de cuidados farmacoterapéutico (“Care Plan”) y evaluación/seguimiento (“Follow up-evaluation”). Resultados: Se seleccionaron 29 artículos, principalmente estudios observacionales descriptivos (51,7%). La mayoría fueron publicados en Estados Unidos (27,6%) y España (20,7%). IF mayoritarias: conciliación de medicación (55,2%), revisión de medicación (44,8%), seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT) (34,5%), manejo del dolor físico postquirúrgico (27,6%) y evaluación/reducción de riesgos (27,6%). La GIF fue analizada en cinco referencias bibliográficas (17,2%); siendo su implantación completa solamente en tres (10,3%). Conclusiones: La presente revisión bibliográfica sintetiza las principales IF en pacientes hospitalizados en COT, destacando: conciliación de medicación, revisión de medicación y SFT. La GIF todavía se encuentra escasamente implementada en estos pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: To review the scientific literature on Pharmaceutical Interventions (PIs) and MedicationTherapy Management (MTM) by pharmacists in patients admitted to Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma (OST) Departments. Methods: A search was conducted of Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scielo databases for original articles and reviews on PIs in adults (≥18 yrs) hospitalized in OST published in English or Spanish up to June 17 2021. Search terms were: “orthopedics”, “traumatology”, “orthopedic surgery”, “orthopedic trauma”, “medication therapy management”, “pharmacy service, hospital”, “pharmacists”, “medication reconciliation”, “pharmaceutical care”, “clinical pharmacy”. Titles and abstracts of retrieved items were examined. A PI was considered MTM when part of a more in-depth review of the patient's medication, evaluating the indication, effectiveness, safety, and treatment adherence for each medication and ensuring that all pharmacotherapeutic needs were covered (Assessment). MTM implementation was considered complete when plans for pharmacotherapy care (Care Plan) and follow-up (Follow-up evaluation) were developed. Results: The review included 29 articles, mainly descriptive observational studies (51.7%). The majority were published in the USA (27.6%) or Spain (20.7%). The most frequent PIs were: medication reconciliation (55.2%); medication review (44.8%); pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (34.5%); postsurgical physical pain management (27.6%); health education (27.6%); and risk assessment/reduction (27.6%). MTM was analyzed in five retrieved articles (17.2%) and its complete implementation in only three (10.3%). Conclusions: This literature review compiles the main PIs implemented in patients hospitalized in OST, highlighting medication conciliation, medication review, and pharmacotherapeutic follow-up. MTM implementation remains scarce in these patients.

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          Drug-related problems and medication reviews among old people with dementia

          Background Drug-related problems, including medication errors and adverse drug events, are common among old people. Due to, for example, greater susceptibility to side effects, people with dementia are even more at risk of drug-related problems. The objectives of this study were to assess the occurrence and character of drug-related problems found among old people with dementia or cognitive impairment. Methods Data from a randomized controlled clinical trial exploring the effects of a pharmacist intervention as part of a hospital ward team in patients 65 years and older with dementia or cognitive impairment were used. The study was conducted between 2012 and 2014 in the orthopedic and medicine wards in two hospitals located in Northern Sweden. Drug-related problems identified in this patient group were classified and described, and associations with different factors were investigated. Results Clinical pharmacists identified at least one DRP in 66% (140/212) of participants in the intervention group, for a total of 310 DRPs. Ineffective drug/inappropriate drug and unnecessary drug therapy were the most common drug-related problems. Discontinuation of drug therapy was the most common action carried out. Drug-related problems were more common among people prescribed a larger number of drugs and among people with an earlier stroke. Conclusions Drug-related problems are common among people with dementia and cognitive impairment. Comprehensive medication reviews conducted by clinical pharmacists as part of a health care team might be important to prevent, identify and solve these problems.
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            The American Orthopaedic Association's "own the bone" initiative to prevent secondary fractures.

            The American Orthopaedic Association initiated its Own the Bone pilot project in 2005 in order (1) to assess current orthopaedic practices for the prevention of secondary fractures in adult patients who have sustained a low-energy fracture (fragility fracture), (2) to pilot quality-improvement tools designed to improve the application of evidence-based strategies for the prevention of secondary fractures, and (3) to identify barriers to the broader implementation of the Own the Bone project and explore how to overcome them.
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              Effect of a care transition intervention by pharmacists: an RCT

              Background Pharmacists may improve medication-related outcomes during transitions of care. The aim of the Iowa Continuity of Care Study was to determine if a pharmacist case manager (PCM) providing a faxed discharge medication care plan from a tertiary care institution to primary care could improve medication appropriateness and reduce adverse events, rehospitalization and emergency department visits. Methods Design. Randomized, controlled trial of 945 participants assigned to enhanced, minimal and usual care groups conducted 2007 to 2012. Subjects. Participants with cardiovascular-related conditions and/or asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were recruited from the University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics following admission to general medicine, family medicine, cardiology or orthopedics. Intervention. The minimal group received admission history, medication reconciliation, patient education, discharge medication list and medication recommendations to inpatient team. The enhanced group also received a faxed medication care plan to their community physician and pharmacy and telephone call 3–5 days post-discharge. Participants were followed for 90 days post-discharge. Main Outcomes and Measures. Medication appropriateness index (MAI), adverse events, adverse drug events and post-discharge healthcare utilization were compared by study group using linear and logistic regression, as models accommodating random effects due to pharmacists indicated little clustering. Results Study groups were similar at baseline and the intervention fidelity was high. There were no statistically significant differences by study group in medication appropriateness, adverse events or adverse drug events at discharge, 30-day and 90-day post-discharge. The average MAI per medication as 0.53 at discharge and increased to 0.75 at 90 days, and this was true across all study groups. Post-discharge, about 16% of all participants experienced an adverse event, and this did not differ by study group (p > 0.05). Almost one-third of all participants had any type of healthcare utilization within 30 days post-discharge, where 15% of all participants had a 30-day readmission. Healthcare utilization post-discharge was not statistically significant different at 30 or 90 days by study group. Conclusion The pharmacist case manager did not affect medication use outcomes post-discharge perhaps because quality of care measures were high in all study groups. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT00513903, August 7, 2007.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                June 2023
                : 33
                : 2
                : 182-204
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameHospital Regional Universitario de Málaga orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [1] Ciudad Real orgnameHospital General La Mancha-Centro orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2023000200014 S1699-714X(23)03300200014
                10.4321/s1699-714x2023000200014
                cbc792dd-9b5f-4304-b08f-82642339f922

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 October 2021
                : 06 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 67, Pages: 23
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisión

                Pharmaceutical Intervention,Medication Therapy Management,Orthopedic Surgery,Trauma,Cirugía Ortopédica,Traumatología,Hospital,Intervenciones farmacéuticas,Gestión Integral de la Farmacoterapia

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