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      Chromatin dynamics in living cells: identification of oscillatory motion.

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          Abstract

          Genomic DNA in mammalian cells is organized into ~1 Mbp chromatin domains (ChrD) which represent the basic structural units for DNA compaction, replication, and transcription. Remarkably, ChrD are highly dynamic and undergo both translational movement and configurational changes. In this study, we introduce an automated motion tracking analysis to measure, both in 2D and 3D, the linear displacement of early, mid and late S-phase replicated ChrD over short time periods (<1 sec). We conclude that previously identified large-scale transitions in the spatial position and configuration of chromatin, originate from asymmetric oscillations of the ChrD detectable in fractions of a second. The rapid oscillatory motion correlates with the replication timing of the ChrD with early S replicated ChrD showing the highest levels of motion and late S-phase chromatin the lowest. Virtually identical levels of oscillatory motion were detected when ChrD were measured during active DNA replication or during inhibition of transcription with DRB or α-amanitin. While this motion is energy independent, the oscillations of early S and mid S, but not late S replicated chromatin, are reduced by cell permeabilization. This suggests involvement of soluble factors in the regulation of chromatin dynamics. The DNA intercalating agent actinomycin D also significantly inhibits early S-labeled chromatin oscillation. We propose that rapid asymmetric oscillations of <1 sec are the basis for translational movements and configurational changes in ChrD previously detected over time spans of minutes-hours, and are the result of both the stochastic collisions of macromolecules and specific molecular interactions.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J. Cell. Physiol.
          Journal of cellular physiology
          1097-4652
          0021-9541
          Mar 2013
          : 228
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
          Article
          10.1002/jcp.24169
          22886456
          cbfb0b00-3810-4ac5-b354-ae11df9d211c
          Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
          History

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