Rechargeable zinc–air batteries: a promising way to green energy

Author(s): Peng Gu ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Mingbo Zheng ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Qunxing Zhao ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Xiao Xiao ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Huaiguo Xue ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Huan Pang ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴

Publication date (Electronic): 2017

Journal: Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

Rechargeable zinc–air batteries show great potential in applications such as electric vehicles and wearable devices, especially for the flexible design. And the challenges and functional materials for each component are provided and discussed from air electrode, solid-state electrolyte to zinc anode, with perspectives of research directions.

Abstract

As a promising technology, electrically rechargeable zinc–air batteries have gained significant attention in the past few years. Herein, in this review, we focused on the main challenges of the electrically rechargeable zinc–air batteries in alkaline electrolytes and the up-to-date progress from materials to technologies towards overcoming these technical barriers. We first overviewed the design and working mechanism of the battery and classified the hindrances into dendritic growth at the anode, lack of higher performance bifunctional catalysts at the air electrode, and electrolyte-related problems. Then, detailed discussions have been provided on the latest progress to address these technical issues based on the nano/micro-materials. Flexible zinc–air batteries as a new development have also been discussed in a separate section. Finally, conclusions have been provided followed by future perspective.

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A perovskite oxide optimized for oxygen evolution catalysis from molecular orbital principles.

Jin Suntivich, Kevin May, Hubert Gasteiger … (2011)

The efficiency of many energy storage technologies, such as rechargeable metal-air batteries and hydrogen production from water splitting, is limited by the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We found that Ba(0.5)Sr(0.5)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) (BSCF) catalyzes the OER with intrinsic activity that is at least an order of magnitude higher than that of the state-of-the-art iridium oxide catalyst in alkaline media. The high activity of BSCF was predicted from a design principle established by systematic examination of more than 10 transition metal oxides, which showed that the intrinsic OER activity exhibits a volcano-shaped dependence on the occupancy of the 3d electron with an e(g) symmetry of surface transition metal cations in an oxide. The peak OER activity was predicted to be at an e(g) occupancy close to unity, with high covalency of transition metal-oxygen bonds.