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      Telemedicine: Embracing virtual care during COVID-19 pandemic

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          Abstract

          Telemedicine and related e-health facilities facilitate care from a distance through electronic information systems. COVID-19 pandemic is establishing telemedicine in the health care delivery system of countries. Telehealth is contributing significantly in health care delivery during the COVID-19 crisis. For mild-to-moderate symptoms of COVID-19 or any illness, telehealth services might represent a better, efficient way to receive initial care and perform triaging. Telemedicine also has a significant role in screening for COVID-19 symptoms and delivering routine needs and follow-up care. The large-scale adoption of telemedicine in public health care delivery is still not visible in low- and middle-income countries like India. Adoption by patients and healthcare professionals is limited and their concerns need to be addressed to ensure its utilization in future of the care continuum. In the current paper, we aim to review recent measures of Telemedicine adopted during the course of pandemic and its impact on public health in lower-middle income countries like India.

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          COVID-19 transforms health care through telemedicine: evidence from the field

          Devin M Mann, Ji Chen, Rumi Chunara … (2020)
          Abstract This study provides data on the feasibility and impact of video-enabled telemedicine use among patients and providers and its impact on urgent and non-urgent health care delivery from one large health system (NYU Langone Health) at the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Between March 2nd and April 14th 2020, telemedicine visits increased from 369.1 daily to 866.8 daily (135% increase) in urgent care after the system-wide expansion of virtual health visits in response to COVID-19, and from 94.7 daily to 4209.3 (4345% increase) in non-urgent care post expansion. Of all virtual visits post expansion, 56.2% and 17.6% urgent and non-urgent visits, respectively, were COVID-19-related. Telemedicine usage was highest by patients aged 20-44, particularly for urgent care. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven rapid expansion of telemedicine use for urgent care and non-urgent care visits beyond baseline periods. This reflects an important change in telemedicine that other institutions facing the COVID-19 pandemic should anticipate.
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            Global Telemedicine Implementation and Integration Within Health Systems to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action

            Robin Ohannessian, Tu Duong, Anna Odone (2020)
            On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, with over 720,000 cases reported in more than 203 countries as of 31 March. The response strategy included early diagnosis, patient isolation, symptomatic monitoring of contacts as well as suspected and confirmed cases, and public health quarantine. In this context, telemedicine, particularly video consultations, has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Based on a literature review, the first conceptual framework for telemedicine implementation during outbreaks was published in 2015. An updated framework for telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemic has been defined. This framework could be applied at a large scale to improve the national public health response. Most countries, however, lack a regulatory framework to authorize, integrate, and reimburse telemedicine services, including in emergency and outbreak situations. In this context, Italy does not include telemedicine in the essential levels of care granted to all citizens within the National Health Service, while France authorized, reimbursed, and actively promoted the use of telemedicine. Several challenges remain for the global use and integration of telemedicine into the public health response to COVID-19 and future outbreaks. All stakeholders are encouraged to address the challenges and collaborate to promote the safe and evidence-based use of telemedicine during the current pandemic and future outbreaks. For countries without integrated telemedicine in their national health care system, the COVID-19 pandemic is a call to adopt the necessary regulatory frameworks for supporting wide adoption of telemedicine.
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              Use of Telemedicine and Virtual Care for Remote Treatment in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic

              Bokolo Anthony Jnr. (2020)
              The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant strain on medical centers resources. Thus, concerns about the reducing and management of COVID-19 are on the rise, as there is need to provide diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and follow-ups during the pandemic. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has radically and quickly altered how medical practitioners provide care to patients. Medical centers are now responding to COVID-19 through rapid adoption of digital tools and technologies such as telemedicine and virtual care which refer to the delivery of healthcare services digital or at a distance using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for treatment of patients. Telemedicine is expected to deliver timely care while minimizing exposure to protect medical practitioners and patients. Accordingly, a rapid literature review was conducted, and 35 research studies published from 2019 to May 2020 were employed to provide theoretical and practical evidence on the significance of using telemedicine and virtual care for remote treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides practical guide based on how to use telemedicine and virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides implication on the potentials of consolidating virtual care solutions in the near future towards contributing to integrate digital technologies into healthcare.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Family Med Prim Care
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Family Med Prim Care
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JFMPC
                Title: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2249-4863
                ISSN (Electronic): 2278-7135
                Publication date Collection: September 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 September 2020
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 4516-4520
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
                [2 ] Director Professor, Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
                [3 ] Professor Dept of Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra at Tanda (HP), New Delhi, India
                [4 ] Chief Executive Officer, INDUSEM, Associate Professor & Director for Research in Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Sarasota Memorial Hospital New Delhi, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Nidhi Bhatnagar, Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. E-mail: bhatnagarnidhi.mamc@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JFMPC-9-4516
                DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_918_20
                PMC ID: 7652130
                PubMed ID: 33209755
                SO-VID: cc0c0069-452b-408d-ba97-db57125e838d
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 19 May 2020
                Date revision received : 21 June 2020
                Date accepted : 26 July 2020
                Related
                Drawing inference from nationwide lockdown as a response towards novel Cornavirus-19 (CoVID-19) epidemic in India
                Categories
                Subject: Commentary

                Keywords: covid-19,pandemic,telemedicine
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, pandemic, telemedicine

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