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      Understanding the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

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          Abstract

          An aortic aneurysm is a dilatation in which the aortic diameter is ≥3.0 cm. If left untreated, the aortic wall continues to weaken and becomes unable to withstand the forces of the luminal blood pressure resulting in progressive dilatation and rupture, a catastrophic event associated with a mortality of 50-80%. Smoking and positive family history are important risk factors for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Several genetic risk factors have also been identified. On the histological level, visible hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis include inflammation, smooth muscle cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation and oxidative stress. We expect that large genetic, genomic, epigenetic, proteomic and metabolomic studies will be undertaken by international consortia to identify additional risk factors and biomarkers, and to enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of AAA. Collaboration between different research groups will be important in overcoming the challenges to develop pharmacological treatments for AAA.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther
          Expert review of cardiovascular therapy
          Informa UK Limited
          1744-8344
          1477-9072
          2015
          : 13
          : 9
          Affiliations
          [1 ] a 1 Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
          Article
          NIHMS775195
          10.1586/14779072.2015.1074861
          4829576
          26308600
          cc7f01e5-b428-4253-9779-75fcd5d306cf
          History

          inflammation,smoking,animal models,doxycycline,embryologic origin,epigenetics,extracellular matrix,genetic susceptibility,matrix metalloproteinases,risk factors

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