Exploring the roots of dehumanization: The role of animal—human similarity in promoting immigrant humanization

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Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency

Albert Bandura (2002)

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The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: testing a dual process model.

John Duckitt, Claire Wagner, Ilouize du Plessis … (2002)

The issue of personality and prejudice has been largely investigated in terms of authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. However, these seem more appropriately conceptualized as ideological attitudes than as personality dimensions. The authors describe a causal model linking dual dimensions of personality, social world view, ideological attitudes, and intergroup attitudes. Structural equation modeling with data from American and White Afrikaner students supported the model, suggesting that social conformity and belief in a dangerous world influence authoritarian attitudes, whereas toughmindedness and belief in a competitive jungle world influence social dominance attitudes, and these two ideological attitude dimensions influence intergroup attitudes. The model implies that dual motivational and cognitive processes, which may be activated by different kinds of situational and intergroup dynamics, may underlie 2 distinct dimensions of prejudice.