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      Hypertension in Tunisian adults attending primary care physicians (ETHNA-Tunisia)

      brief-report

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          Highlights

          • •

            Epidemiological Trial of Hypertension in North Africa (ETHNA-Tunisia) was a multicentre, epidemiological, cross-sectional study conducted in Tunisia to evaluate the prevalence and clinical profile of hypertension.

          • •

            The total prevalence of hypertension was 47.4% (adjusted for age: 26.9%) and only 37.1% were controlled.

          • •

            Greater awareness and improved management of hypertension are needed in Tunisia.

          Abstract

          The aim of the Epidemiological Trial of Hypertension in North Africa (ETHNA-Tunisia) was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical profile of hypertension in a large sample of individuals in Tunisia. This was multicenter, epidemiological, cross-sectional study conducted in patients consulting primary care physicians in Tunisia. Mean age of 5802 individuals was 49.6 ± 16.3 years. The total prevalence of hypertension was 47.4% (adjusted for age: 26.9%). Control of hypertension was only 37.1%. Hypertension may also be underdiagnosed and ineffectively treated. Greater awareness and improved management of hypertension and cardiovascular risks are needed in Tunisia.

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          Sex differences in primary hypertension

          Kathryn Sandberg, Huan-Hong Ji (2012)
          Men have higher blood pressure than women through much of life regardless of race and ethnicity. This is a robust and highly conserved sex difference that it is also observed across species including dogs, rats, mice and chickens and it is found in induced, genetic and transgenic animal models of hypertension. Not only do the differences between the ovarian and testicular hormonal milieu contribute to this sexual dimorphism in blood pressure, the sex chromosomes also play a role in and of themselves. This review primarily focuses on epidemiological studies of blood pressure in men and women and experimental models of hypertension in both sexes. Gaps in current knowledge regarding what underlie male-female differences in blood pressure control are discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying sex differences in hypertension may lead to the development of anti-hypertensives tailored to one's sex and ultimately to improved therapeutic strategies for treating this disease and preventing its devastating consequences.
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            Obesity-related hypertension: pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment--a position paper of the The Obesity Society and The American Society of Hypertension.

            Lewis Landsberg, Louis Aronne, Lawrence J Beilin … (2013)
            In light of the worldwide epidemic of obesity, and in recognition of hypertension as a major factor in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, The Obesity Society and The American Society of Hypertension agreed to jointly sponsor a position paper on obesity-related hypertension to be published jointly in the journals of each society. The purpose is to inform the members of both societies, as well as practicing clinicians, with a timely review of the association between obesity and high blood pressure, the risk that this association entails, and the options for rational, evidenced-based treatment. The position paper is divided into six sections plus a summary as follows: pathophysiology, epidemiology and cardiovascular risk, the metabolic syndrome, lifestyle management in prevention and treatment, pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in the obese, and the medical and surgical treatment of obesity in obese hypertensive patients. Copyright © 2012 The Obesity Society.
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              Hypertension prevalence, awareness, and control in Arab countries: a systematic review.

              S Evangelista, Amanda N Pike, Janet C Mentes … (2014)
              One billion of the world's population has hypertension, resulting in four million deaths per year. Data on the prevalence of hypertension in the Arab world are very limited. This review summarizes existing knowledge regarding prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in Arab countries. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for publications on HTN among Arab people from 1980 to January 2011. Only 13 studies were identified in the literature from 10 Arab countries. The overall estimated prevalence of hypertension was 29.5% (n = 45 379), which indicates a higher prevalence of hypertension among Arabs compared to people from the USA (28%) and sub-Saharan African (27.6%). Awareness of hypertension was reported for 46% of the studies and varied from 18% (Jordan) to 79.8% (Syria). The control rate varied from 56% (Tunisia) to 92% (Egypt and Syria). The prevalence of hypertension was found to increase with age, occurring more frequently in Arab women. © 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Youness EL Achhab
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian Heart J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian Heart J
                Title: Indian Heart Journal
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Print): 0019-4832
                Publication date (Print): Jul-Aug 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 06 November 2017
                Volume: 70
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 544-547
                Affiliations
                [a ]CHU Mongi Slim La Soukra, Tunis, Tunisia, Tunisia
                [b ]Novartis Pharma Maroc SA, Casablanca, Morocco
                [c ]Novartis Pharma Maroc SA, Tunisia
                [d ]Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Morocco
                [e ]Regional Centre for Careers Education and Training of Fez-Meknes, Morocco
                [f ]Mohammed VI University for Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Youness EL ACHHAB Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez 30000, Morocco. youness_elachhab@ 123456yahoo.fr
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0019-4832(17)30550-3
                DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.11.005
                PMC ID: 6116723
                PubMed ID: 30170651
                SO-VID: ccb0cf75-489e-4f60-9d3f-8e7e0bc85863
                Copyright © © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cardiological Society of India.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 12 August 2017
                Date accepted : 5 November 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Research Brief

                Keywords: hypertension,blood pressure,epidemiology,controlled hypertension,tunisia
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hypertension, blood pressure, epidemiology, controlled hypertension, tunisia

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