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      In vitro study of color stability of polycrystalline and monocrystalline ceramic brackets

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze color stability of monocrystalline and polycrystalline ceramic brackets after immersion in dye solutions.

          Methods

          Seven ceramic brackets of four commercial brands were tested: Two monocrystalline and two polycrystalline. The brackets were immersed in four dye solutions (coffee, red wine, Coke and black tea) and in artificial saliva for the following times: 24 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Color changes were measured by a spectrophotometer. Data were assessed by Multivariate Profile Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Comparison Tests of means.

          Results

          There was a perceptible change of color in all ceramic brackets immersed in coffee (ΔE* Allure = 7.61, Inspire Ice = 6.09, Radiance = 6.69, Transcend = 7.44), black tea (ΔE* Allure = 6.24, Inspire Ice = 5.21, Radiance = 6.51, Transcend = 6.14) and red wine (ΔE* Allure = 6.49, Inspire Ice = 4.76, Radiance = 5.19, Transcend = 5.64), but no change was noticed in Coke and artificial saliva (ΔE < 3.7).

          Conclusion

          Ceramic brackets undergo color change when exposed to solutions of coffee, black tea and red wine. However, the same crystalline structure, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, do not follow the same or a similar pattern in color change, varying according to the bracket fabrication, which shows a lack of standardization in the manufacturing process. Coffee dye produced the most marked color changes after 21 days of immersion for most ceramic brackets evaluated.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo

          esse estudo objetivou analisar, in vitro, a estabilidade de cor de braquetes cerâmicos monocristalinos e policristalinos após imersão em soluções corantes.

          Métodos

          sete braquetes cerâmicos de incisivo central superior direito, de quatro marcas comerciais, foram testados: dois monocristalinos e dois policristalinos. Os braquetes foram imersos em quatro soluções corantes (café, vinho tinto, Coca-Cola e chá preto) e em saliva artificial, separadamente, nos seguintes tempos: 24 horas, 7, 14 e 21 dias. As alterações de cor foram mensuradas por espectrofotômetro de refletância. Os dados foram avaliados pela Análise de Perfis Multivariados, Análise de Variância e teste de comparação múltipla de médias.

          Resultados

          houve alteração perceptível de cor em todos os braquetes cerâmicos após 21 dias de imersão nas soluções de café (ΔE* Allure = 7,61; Inspire Ice = 6,09; Radiance = 6,69; Transcend = 7,44), chá preto (ΔE* Allure = 6,24; Inspire Ice = 5,21; Radiance = 6,51; Transcend = 6,14) e vinho tinto (ΔE* Allure = 6,49; Inspire Ice = 4,76; Radiance = 5,19; Transcend = 5,64), porém, a alteração não foi perceptível para a Coca-Cola e saliva artificial (ΔE* < 3,7).

          Conclusão

          braquetes cerâmicos sofrem alteração de cor quando em contato com café, chá preto e vinho tinto. No entanto, os braquetes de mesma constituição cristalina, sejam monocristalinos ou policristalinos, não seguem um padrão semelhante de alteração de cor, mas variam de acordo com o fabricante, o que mostra uma falta de padronização no processo de produção desses braquetes. O café foi a solução corante que mais produziu alteração de cor após 21 dias de imersão, para a maioria dos braquetes cerâmicos avaliados.

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          Most cited references67

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          Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry.

          Judgments of appearance matching by means of the visual criteria established by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and by means of an extended visual rating scale were determined for composite resin veneer restorations and their comparison teeth. Using a colorimeter of 45 degrees/0 degrees geometry and the CIELAB color order system we used the color of the restorations and comparison teeth to calculate a color difference for every visual rating. Statistically significant relationships were found between each of the two visual rating systems and the color differences. The average CIELAB color difference of those ratings judged a match by the USPHS criteria was found to be 3.7. However, the overlap in ranges of the color differences for those comparisons rated matches and mismatches indicates the importance of other factors in appearance matching, such as translucency and the effects of other surrounding visual stimuli. The extended visual rating scale offers no advantages to the more broadly defined criteria established by the USPHS.
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            Staining of resin-based veneering materials with coffee and tea.

            Two light-activated, and three heat-polymerized, resin-based veneering materials were exposed to boiled coffee, filtered coffee, or tea at 50 degrees C and evaluated for color stability. Specimens immersed in distilled water in the dark at 37 degrees C for 4 months were also assessed. One of the light-activated, resin-based veneering materials underwent intrinsic discoloration during the long-term immersion both in distilled water and in the staining solutions. The discoloration of the other materials by tea was mainly due to surface adsorption of the colorants. Discoloration by coffee was due to adsorption, and also to absorption of colorants by two of the materials investigated. This absorption and penetration of colorants into the organic phase of the veneering materials were probably due to compatibility of the polymer phase with the yellow colorants of coffee.
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              • Article: not found

              Visual and instrumental colorimetric assessments of small color differences on translucent dental porcelain.

              The CIELAB colorimetric system was used for the study of the relationship between measured color difference values and human observer responses. This study verified that a specific, visually meaningful and precise relationship exists between the magnitude and direction of the measurements and the average dental-observer responses. The results support the use of this system in dentistry as a means of evaluating color by differences. The further development of such systems for clinical use would be warranted and could serve as a valuable tool for material selection and restoration design, particularly in the area of aesthetic restorative dentistry.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dental Press J Orthod
                Dental Press J Orthod
                Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics
                Dental Press International
                2176-9451
                2177-6709
                Jul-Aug 2014
                Jul-Aug 2014
                : 19
                : 4
                : 114-121
                Affiliations
                [1 ] MSc in Orthodontics, State University of São Paulo (UNESP).
                [2 ] Professor, Department of Orthodontics, UNIT/SE.
                [3 ] Full professor, Department of Orthodontics, State University of São Paulo (UNESP).
                Author notes
                Contact address: Cibele Braga de Oliveira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Departamento de Ortodontia, Rua Humaitá, 1680 - Araraquara/SP - Brazil. CEP: 14.801-385 - E-mail: cibeleodonto@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.114-121.oar
                4296644
                25279530
                cccd51f6-c734-4ecd-b8c5-d91ecd3a0d24
                © 2014 Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 01 November 2012
                : 18 February 2013
                Funding
                Funded by: FAPESP
                Award ID: #2010/03491-7
                Categories
                Original Article

                color,ceramics,orthodontic brackets
                color, ceramics, orthodontic brackets

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