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      Validity of the TAT in Brazil: Theoretical and Methodological Issues Translated title: Validade do TAT no Brasil: Questões Teóricas e Metodológicas

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          Abstract

          Abstract Although the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is popular in Brazil, showing evidences of its validity remains a challenge. In the present article, we discuss such issue by analyzing the definition of the TAT as a projective method and a psychological test, its use by different theoretical traditions, relations between nomothetic and idiographic analysis levels, limitations of Classical Test Theory for evaluating the instrument’s properties, and challenges regarding research and practice with the instrument in Brazil. We advocate that overcoming a traditional view of projective techniques, using multidimensional methods and performing wider empirical studies on norms and validation evidences with multicenter databases may allow more secure and informed practices with the instrument among researchers and practitioners in the country.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Apesar da popularidade do Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) no Brasil, a demonstração de evidências de sua validade ainda permanece um desafio. No presente artigo, discutimos essa questão problematizando a definição do TAT como método projetivo e teste psicológico, abordando seu uso por diferentes correntes teóricas, relações entre os níveis nomotético e idiográfico de análise, limitações da Teoria Clássica dos Testes para avaliar suas propriedades, bem como os desafios na pesquisa e prática com o instrumento no país. Defendemos que superar a visão tradicional sobre as técnicas projetivas, utilizar métodos multidimensionais e realizar estudos empíricos mais amplos (sejam normativos ou de validação, usando bancos de dados multicêntricos) pode assegurar práticas melhor informadas com o instrumento para pesquisadores e profissionais.

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          Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Fourth Edition

          Emphasizing concepts and rationale over mathematical minutiae, this is the most widely used, complete, and accessible structural equation modeling (SEM) text. Continuing the tradition of using real data examples from a variety of disciplines, the significantly revised fourth edition incorporates recent developments such as Pearl's graphing theory and the structural causal model (SCM), measurement invariance, and more. Readers gain a comprehensive understanding of all phases of SEM, from data collection and screening to the interpretation and reporting of the results. Learning is enhanced by exercises with answers, rules to remember, and topic boxes. The companion website supplies data, syntax, and output for the book's examples--now including files for Amos, EQS, LISREL, Mplus, Stata, and R (lavaan).<br><br> New to This Edition<br> *Extensively revised to cover important new topics: Pearl's graphing theory and the SCM, causal inference frameworks, conditional process modeling, path models for longitudinal data, item response theory, and more.<br> *Chapters on best practices in all stages of SEM, measurement invariance in confirmatory factor analysis, and significance testing issues and bootstrapping.<br> *Expanded coverage of psychometrics.<br> *Additional computer tools: online files for all detailed examples, previously provided in EQS, LISREL, and Mplus, are now also given in Amos, Stata, and R (lavaan).<br> *Reorganized to cover the specification, identification, and analysis of observed variable models separately from latent variable models.<br><br> Pedagogical Features<br> *Exercises with answers, plus end-of-chapter annotated lists of further reading.<br> *Real examples of troublesome data, demonstrating how to handle typical problems in analyses.<br> *Topic boxes on specialized issues, such as causes of nonpositive definite correlations.<br> *Boxed rules to remember.<br> *Website promoting a learn-by-doing approach, including syntax and data files for six widely used SEM computer tools.
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            Coefficients Alpha, Beta, Omega, and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma

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              Uso da análise fatorial exploratória em psicologia

              A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) é um conjunto de técnicas estatísticas amplamente utilizadas nas pesquisas em Psicologia. Durante sua execução, diversas decisões precisam ser tomadas a fim de se obter uma estrutura fatorial adequada. O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir alguns dos principais aspectos desta técnica, apresentando estudos atualizados sobre o tema. Diferenças entre análise fatorial exploratória e análise de componentes principais, retenção e rotação fatorial, tamanho da amostra ideal, importância da variância explicada e a confiabilidade da solução fatorial são alguns dos tópicos discutidos. Aponta-se para o fato de que todas as decisões a serem tomadas durante a execução de uma análise fatorial exploratória não podem ser arbitrárias e subjetivas, mas devem ser pautadas em critérios teóricos e metodológicos claros. Este estudo pretende auxiliar pesquisadores da área da Psicologia a realizarem AFEs com maior discernimento teórico e metodológico.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ptp
                Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa
                Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.
                Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0102-3772
                1806-3446
                2020
                : 36
                : e36521
                Affiliations
                [2] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [1] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S0102-37722020000100607 S0102-3772(20)03600000607
                10.1590/0102.3772e36521
                ccd44a28-4f54-4a33-983d-995995227765

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 December 2018
                : 03 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 74, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Social, Work and Organizations Psychology

                validade dos testes,Thematic Apperception Test (TAT),test validity,projective techniques,Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT),técnicas projetivas

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