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      On the Nature of Interactions between Ionic Liquids and Small Amino-Acid-Based Biomolecules

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          Abstract

          During the last decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have revealed promising properties and applications in many research fields, including biotechnology and biological sciences. The focus of this contribution is to give a critical review of the phenomena observed and current knowledge of the interactions occurring on a molecular basis. As opposed to the huge advances made in understanding the properties of proteins in ILs, complementary investigations dealing with interactions between ILs and peptides or oligopeptides are underrepresented and are mostly only of phenomenological nature. However, the field has received more attention in the last few years. This Review features a meta-analysis of the available data and findings and should, therefore, provide a basis for a scientifically profound understanding of the nature and mechanisms of interactions between ILs and structured or nonstructured peptides. Fundamental aspects of the interactions between different peptides/oligopeptides and ILs are complemented by sections on the experimental (spectroscopy, structural biology) and theoretical (computational chemistry) possibilities to explain the phenomena reported so far in the literature. In effect, this should lead to the development of novel applications and support the understanding of IL-solute interactions in general.

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          Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains

          C ANFINSEN (1973)
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            The protein-folding problem, 50 years on.

            The protein-folding problem was first posed about one half-century ago. The term refers to three broad questions: (i) What is the physical code by which an amino acid sequence dictates a protein's native structure? (ii) How can proteins fold so fast? (iii) Can we devise a computer algorithm to predict protein structures from their sequences? We review progress on these problems. In a few cases, computer simulations of the physical forces in chemically detailed models have now achieved the accurate folding of small proteins. We have learned that proteins fold rapidly because random thermal motions cause conformational changes leading energetically downhill toward the native structure, a principle that is captured in funnel-shaped energy landscapes. And thanks in part to the large Protein Data Bank of known structures, predicting protein structures is now far more successful than was thought possible in the early days. What began as three questions of basic science one half-century ago has now grown into the full-fledged research field of protein physical science.
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              General purpose molecular dynamics simulations fully implemented on graphics processing units

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ChemPhysChem
                ChemPhysChem
                Wiley
                14394235
                December 16 2013
                December 16 2013
                November 12 2013
                : 14
                : 18
                : 4044-4064
                Article
                10.1002/cphc.201300736
                24222640
                ccd9ad63-1c44-472e-86a2-3fc0ce4d98e1
                © 2013

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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