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      Luxación mandibular aguda: técnicas de reducción manual y secuencia de manejo en el servicio de urgencias Translated title: Acute mandibular luxation: manual reduction techniques and management sequence in the emergency department

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión actualizada sobre los métodos de reducción manual de la luxación mandibular aguda para proponer una secuencia de manejo en el servicio de urgencia. Material y métodos: La revisión incluyó estudios sobre técnicas manuales de reducción de luxaciones mandibulares agudas. La búsqueda se realizó en inglés y español en junio de 2020 e incluyó las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed y Scielo, complementada por referencias cruzadas. Se excluyeron artículos sobre tratamiento quirúrgico de luxaciones recidivantes, crónicas y luxaciones reducidas bajo anestesia general. Resultados: La búsqueda arrojó 334 resultados, finalmente 29 estudios fueron incluidos. A la fecha hay descritas 13 técnicas de reducción manual distintas al método convencional. El método convencional tiene una efectividad cercana al 86 %, el método de pivote de muñeca 96,7 % y el método extraoral es menos efectivo con un porcentaje de éxito entre 55,2 y 66,7 %. Se propone una secuencia de tratamiento incluyendo los aspectos más relevantes encontrados en la literatura. Conclusión: La mejor técnica de reducción manual es aquella que entrega mayor comodidad al profesional, produce menor dolor y se asocia a una mayor tasa de éxito. Faltan estudios que comparen distintas técnicas con un operador entrenado considerando variables del paciente, de la técnica y la comodidad para el operador. Es fundamental conocer las técnicas presentadas; esto permite utilizarlas en los casos donde otras técnicas fracasen, minimizando el uso de coadyuvantes y maniobras más complejas, como bloqueos regionales o anestesia general.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: The objective of the present study is to carry out an updated review on the methods of manual reduction of acute mandibular dislocation to propose a management sequence in the emergency department. Material and methods: The review included studies on manual techniques for reducing acute mandibular dislocations. The search was performed in Spanish and English in june 2020 and included the electronic databases PubMed and Scielo, complemented by cross-references. Articles on surgical treatment of recurrent, chronic and reduced dislocations under general anesthesia were excluded. Results: The search yielded 334 results, finally 29 studies were included. To date, 13 manual reduction techniques different from the conventional method have been described. The effectiveness of the conventional method is close to 86 %, the wrist pivot method 96.7 % and the extraoral method is less effective with a success rate between 55.2 and 66.7 %. A treatment sequence is proposed including the most relevant aspects found in the literature. Conclusion: The best manual reduction technique is one that provides greater comfort to the professional, produces less pain and is associated with a higher success rate. Studies comparing different techniques with a trained operator are lacking considering patient, technique and operator comfort variables. It is essential to know the techniques presented, this allows them to be used in cases where other techniques fail, minimizing the use of adjuvants and more complex maneuvers, such as regional blocks or general anesthesia.

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          Most cited references38

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          Evaluation of the mechanism and principles of management of temporomandibular joint dislocation. Systematic review of literature and a proposed new classification of temporomandibular joint dislocation

          Background Virtually all the articles in literature addressed only a specific type of dislocation. The aim of this review was to project a comprehensive understanding of the pathologic processes and management of all types of dislodgement of the head of the mandibular condyle from its normal position in the glenoid fossa. In addition, a new classification of temporomandibular joint dislocation was also proposed. Method and materials A thorough computer literature search was done using the Medline, Cochrane library and Embase database. Key words like temporo-mandibular joint dislocation were used for the search. Additional manual search was done by going through published home-based and foreign articles. Case reports/series, and original articles that documented the type of dislocation, number of cases treated in the series and original articles. Treatment done and outcome of treatment were included in the study. Result A total of 128 articles were reviewed out which 79 were found relevant. Of these, 26 were case reports, 17 were case series and 36 were original articles. 79 cases were acute dislocations, 35 cases were chronic protracted TMJ dislocations and 311 cases were chronic recurrent TMJ dislocations. Etiology was predominantly trauma in 60% of cases and other causes contributed about 40%. Of all the cases reviewed, only 4 were unilateral dislocation. Various treatment modalities are outlined in this report as indicated for each type of dislocation. Conclusion The more complex and invasive method of treatment may not necessarily offer the best option and outcome of treatment, therefore conservative approaches should be exhausted and utilized appropriately before adopting the more invasive surgical techniques.
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            Temporomandibular joint dislocation.

            Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is one of many pathophysiologic joint conditions that the oral and maxillofacial surgeon is challenged with managing. Managing a dislocated joint will inevitably be the challenge of most surgeons or physicians, whether in private or academic practice. Accordingly, this article addresses the pathophysiology associated with dislocation, in addition to treatment strategies aimed at managing acute, chronic, and recurrent dislocation.
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              A survey of temporomandibular joint dislocation: aetiology, demographics, risk factors and management in 96 Nigerian cases.

              A retrospective study of 96 cases of temporomandibular joint dislocation was undertaken. Patients' ages ranged from 9 to 85 years (mean+/-SD, 35.3+/-17.4 years) and peak incidence was at 20-29 years. Mean duration was 7.9 weeks (range, 1h to 3 years). Acute, chronic and recurrent dislocations were seen in 46 (47.9%), 29 (30.2%) and 21 (21.9%) patients, respectively. Males dominated in all three categories but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.8). Excessive mouth opening while yawning (44 cases) was the commonest cause of dislocation, followed by road traffic accidents (13 cases). Ten patients (10.4%) had an underlying systemic disease, the commonest being epilepsy (four cases); those with acute dislocation recorded the highest incidence of underlying illness. Bilateral anterior (86 cases) dislocations were the most frequent. Of the 96 patients, 89 (92.7%) were available for treatment. Manual reduction with or without anaesthesia proved effective for 38/45 acute, 5/24 chronic and 14/20 recurrent cases. Chronic dislocations were treated mainly by surgical osteotomy (13/24). Vertical subsigmoid and oblique ramus osteotomies were the commonest surgical techniques recorded. Treatment was satisfactory for all patients surgically handled except for one case of anterior open bite postoperatively. This study has shown that excessive mouth opening while yawning is the commonest cause of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Nigerians, and conservative approaches to management remain quite effective irrespective of the duration and clinical subtype. The best choice of surgical technique should be determined by proper clinical evaluation and the need to avoid or minimize postoperative morbidity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                maxi
                Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial
                Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y de Cabeza y Cuello (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1130-0558
                2173-9161
                March 2021
                : 43
                : 1
                : 28-36
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de los Andes Chile
                [2] Santiago orgnameClínica UC San Carlos de Apoquindo orgdiv1Servicio de Urgencia Chile
                [4] Santiago orgnameHospital de Carabineros del General Humberto Arriagada Valdivieso orgdiv1Servicio de Urgencia Chile
                [3] Santiago orgnameClínica Universidad de los Andes orgdiv1Departamento de Salud Pública y Epidemiología orgdiv2Servicio de Urgencia Chile
                Article
                S1130-05582021000100028 S1130-0558(21)04300100028
                10.20986/recom.2021.1181/2020
                ccfd0c32-6df4-428c-aa48-3ad321ec7388

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 October 2020
                : 04 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
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                Luxación de la articulación temporomandibular,luxación de la ATM,luxación mandibular,Temporomandibular joint luxation,mandibular luxation,TMJ luxation

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