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      Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian children using three different sets of international criteria Translated title: Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en niños brasileños utilizando tres diferentes criterios internacionales

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: the aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian children aged 6-10 years using three different international criteria. Methods: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and insulin levels were measured in 290 schoolchildren, and the presence of metabolic syndrome was analyzed according to the criteria established by Cook, Boney, and Ferreira. Results: the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.27 % (Boney and Ferreira criteria) and 7.58 % (Cook criteria) for girls, and 3.8 % (Boney and Ferreira criteria) and 5.06 % (Cook criteria) for boys. Agreement in pairs showed a concordance of 57.5 % (Kappa = 0.57) between Boney and Cook criteria, and 65.2 % (Kappa = 0.65) between Cook and Ferreira. The greatest concordance found was 77 % (Kappa = 0.77) between Boney and Ferreira criteria, demonstrating a substantial agreement. Conclusion: prevalences according to Boney and Ferreira criteria was lower than according to Cook criteria. Therefore, we suggest the use of Cook criteria in clinical practice for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, since this criterion provided a wider diagnostic range, thereby reducing the risk of underdiagnosis.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: el objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en niños brasileños de 6 a 10 años de edad, usando tres diferentes criterios internacionales. Métodos: se midieron la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, el colesterol de alta y baja densidad, los triglicéridos, la glucemia en ayunas y la insulinemia en 290 escolares, y se analizó la presencia del síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con los criterios de Cook, Boney y Ferreira. Resultados: la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico encontradas fueron del 2,27 % (criterios de Boney y Ferreira) y 7,58 % (criterios de Cook) para las niñas, y del 3,8 % (criterios de Boney y Ferreira) y 5,06 % (criterios de Cook) para los niños. La concordancia por pares fue del 57,5 % (Kappa = 0,57) entre los criterios de Boney y Cook, y del 65,2 % (Kappa = 0,65) entre los criterios de Cook y Ferreira. La mayor concordancia encontrada fue del 77 % (Kappa = 0,77) entre los criterios de Boney y Ferreira, demostrando una concordancia sustancial. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de acuerdo con los criterios de Boney y Ferreira fue inferior a la encontrada con los criterios de Cook. Por lo tanto, sugerimos el uso de los criterios de Cook en la práctica clínica para el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico, ya que utilizando este criterio se obtiene un rango diagnóstico más amplio, reduciéndose así el riesgo del infradiagnóstico.

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          Most cited references40

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          The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data

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            Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity to cardiovascular disease.

            The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide and is a source of concern since the negative consequences of obesity start as early as in childhood. The most commonly used anthropometric tool to assess relative weight and classify obesity is the body mass index (BMI); BMI alone shows a U- or a J-shaped association with clinical outcomes and mortality. Such an inverse relationship fuels a controversy in the literature, named the 'obesity paradox', which associates better survival and fewer cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with elevated BMI afflicted with chronic diseases compared to non-obese patients. However, BMI cannot make the distinction between an elevated body weight due to high levels of lean vs. fat body mass. Generally, an excess of body fat (BF) is more frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities than a high level of lean body mass. Another explanation for the paradox is the absence of control for major individual differences in regional BF distribution. Adipose tissue is now considered as a key organ regarding the fate of excess dietary lipids, which may determine whether or not body homeostasis will be maintained (metabolically healthy obesity) or a state of inflammation/insulin resistance will be produced, with deleterious CV consequences. Obesity, particularly visceral obesity, also induces a variety of structural adaptations/alterations in CV structure/function. Adipose tissue can now be considered as an endocrine organ orchestrating crucial interactions with vital organs and tissues such as the brain, the liver, the skeletal muscle, the heart and blood vessels themselves. Thus, the evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that adipose tissue quality/function is as important, if not more so, than its amount in determining the overall health and CV risks of overweight/obesity. © 2013.
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              Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adolescents: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

              Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the Third Report of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) using criteria easily applied by clinicians and researchers. There is no standard pediatric definition. We defined pediatric MetS using criteria analogous to ATP III as > or =3 of the following: (1) fasting triglycerides > or =1.1 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); (2) HDL or =6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL); (4) waist circumference >75th percentile for age and gender; and (5) systolic blood pressure >90th percentile for gender, age, and height. MetS prevalence in US adolescents was estimated with the Third National Health and Nutritional Survey 1988 to 1994. Among 1960 children aged > or =12 years who fasted > or =8 hours, two thirds had at least 1 metabolic abnormality, and nearly 1 in 10 had MetS. The racial/ethnic distribution was similar to adults: Mexican-Americans, followed by non-Hispanic whites, had a greater prevalence of MetS compared with non-Hispanic blacks (12.9%, [95% CI 10.4% to 15.4%]; 10.9%, [95% CI 8.4% to 13.4%]; and 2.5%, [95% CI 1.3% to 3.7%], respectively). Nearly one third (31.2% [95% CI 28.3% to 34.1%]) of overweight/obese adolescents had MetS. Our definition of pediatric MetS, designed to be closely analogous to ATP III, found MetS is common in adolescents and has a similar racial/ethnic distribution to adults in this representative national sample. Because childhood MetS likely tracks into adulthood, early identification may help target interventions to improve future cardiovascular health.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                April 2021
                : 38
                : 2
                : 228-235
                Affiliations
                [5] Itaúna/Pará de Minas Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade de Itaúna Brazil
                [3] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                [4] São João Del Rei Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de São João del-Rei Brazil
                [2] Divinópolis Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade do Estado de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [1] Pampulha-Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S0212-16112021000200228 S0212-1611(21)03800200228
                10.20960/nh.03224
                33588574
                cd268449-6223-4bf4-9e3a-2036cd94d9be

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 June 2020
                : 31 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Brasil,Síndrome metabólico,Niños,Metabolic syndrome,Children,Brazil

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