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      Effects of graded levels of exogenous xylanase in corn-soy diets with two amino acid density and fat levels postpellet in broiler chickens: live performance, energy utilization, digestibility, and carcass characteristics

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          Abstract

          This experiment evaluated the interactive effects among xylanase (XL; 0, 8,000, 16,000, and 32,000 BXU/kg), amino acid density (AA; high and low 10% difference), and additional fat (AF; 0 or +1.17%) applied postpellet in corn-soybean meal diets with dried distillers grains with solubles on performance, energy utilization, digestibility, and carcass traits in Ross 708 male broilers. A completely randomized block (pen location) design with 16 treatments arranged factorially (4 XL levels, 2 AA, and 2 AF) was analyzed using mixed models. No significant interactions or main effects were observed for feed intake at 49 d ( P > 0.05) but chicks were heavier when consuming diets containing 0 or 8,000 BXU/kg ( P = 0.015), high AA ( P < 0.001), and 1.17% AF ( P < 0.001). Feed efficiency did not vary with XL supplementation ( P > 0.05) but was improved in broilers fed the higher AA and AF diet ( P = 0.015 for AA × AF). AME, GE, and CP digestibility were assessed at days 17 and 42. There were multiple interactions observed at day 17 with a significant three-way showing that AME and CP digestibility improved when increasing the XL and AF levels in the high AA fed birds compared with the low-density diets. At day 42, XL and AF significantly affected AMEn, GE, or CP digestibility; however, there was a significant interaction between XL and AF. Diets supplemented with 1.17% AF improved AMEn significantly in broilers fed the highest XL level. Breast yield was not affected by treatments, but wing yield decreased with high AA density when diets contained 16,000 BXU/kg without differences for the other diets ( P = 0.04 for XL × AA). Effects of XL, AA, and AF interactions on performance and cut-up-part yields have to be considered until day 42 for most of the variables studied. However, at 49 d of age, the dietary AA density and AF did not markedly influence the response to XL in maize-based diets.

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          Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat diets without or with supplemental xylanase.

          Efficacy of supplemental xylanase on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens fed corn- or wheat-based diets was investigated. In experiment 1, 192 male broilers (8 birds/pen; n = 6) were fed 4 diets (corn or wheat without or with 1,250 xylanase units/kg) in 2 phases (starter, d 0-21 and grower, d 22-42). There was no interaction (P > 0.05) between diet and xylanase on performance (d 0-42). Wheat diets resulted (P 0.10) on apparent ileal digestibilities of nutrients, cecal volatile fatty acids, and AMEn. In this context, diet type influenced (P < 0.05) cecal volatile fatty acids and retention of nutrients and fiber but did not affect (P = 0.45) AMEn. In contrast, xylanase-fed birds showed higher (P < 0.05) ceca digesta acetic acid, apparent ileal digestibilities of nutrients, and retention of components. As a result, birds fed xylanase had higher AMEn (3,059 vs. 2,995 kcal/kg; P < 0.01) compared with birds not fed xylanase. Although wheat diets had superior growth performance, the AMEn was similar in both diets. Xylanase improved growth performance and AMEn independent of diet type, suggesting hydrolysis of both soluble and insoluble NSP.
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            A new method of determining metabolisability of energy and digestibility of fatty acids in broiler diets

            1. A new method of determining dietary metabolisability of energy and digestibility of fatty acids is described. 2. The method requires the digestion of the faecal sample with 4N NC1 and ashing the residue. 3. Comparisons with the "total collection" method that the 4N HC1-insoluble method has similar accuracy.
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              The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastric diets: complimentary mode of action?

              As the simultaneous use of carbohydrases and phytases gains momentum it is imperative that formulators understand the magnitude of additivity of effect to allow for appropriate modification to diet nutrient balance. Though carbohydrases and phytases are often thought of as pronutrients with energy, calcium and phosphorus value, within the scientific literature there are dozens of papers on the effect of these enzymes on ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients. The effect of enzymes on ileal amino acid digestibility is instructive as patterns of response allow speculation as to mode of action and likely additivity of admixtures. A review of the scientific literature has revealed that whilst xylanases and phytases may be considered to be broadly additive in effect, on an individual amino acid basis this effect ranges from sub-additive ( e.g. threonine) to synergistic ( e.g. arginine). Importantly, the mean response to both xylanase and phytase for ileal amino acid digestibility can be predicted (R 2 =0.65 and 0.56 respectively) by polynomial equations based only on the nutritional value of the control diet. The fact that control diets with an inherently high digestibility respond poorly to enzymes explains why the use of a second enzyme will likely yield a lesser response when used on top of another, since the former has already improved digestibility characteristics. The implications of these responses, as well as suggested mechanisms of action, are discussed within practical diet formulation constraints.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Poult Sci
                Poult Sci
                Poultry Science
                Elsevier
                0032-5791
                1525-3171
                02 November 2020
                February 2021
                02 November 2020
                : 100
                : 2
                : 820-834
                Affiliations
                []Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
                []Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
                []AB Vista, Plantation, FL, USA
                [§ ]Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
                Author notes
                [1 ]Corresponding author: eooviedo@ 123456ncsu.edu
                Article
                S0032-5791(20)30799-9
                10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.046
                7858083
                33518136
                cd324066-4e3a-4125-9bed-dcfccca738d1
                © 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 25 June 2020
                : 20 October 2020
                Categories
                Metabolism and Nutrition

                carcass,digestibility,nutrient density,performance,xylanase
                carcass, digestibility, nutrient density, performance, xylanase

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