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      Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands

      research-article
      1 , , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 5 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ,   13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 7 , 25 , 26 , 6 , 7 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 6 , 7 , 35 , 36 , 7 , 25 , 23 , 37 , 6 , 7 , 27 , 37 , 1
      Nature Communications
      Nature Publishing Group UK
      Element cycles, Biogeochemistry, Grassland ecology

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          Abstract

          Soil nitrogen mineralisation (N min), the conversion of organic into inorganic N, is important for productivity and nutrient cycling. The balance between mineralisation and immobilisation (net N min) varies with soil properties and climate. However, because most global-scale assessments of net N min are laboratory-based, its regulation under field-conditions and implications for real-world soil functioning remain uncertain. Here, we explore the drivers of realised (field) and potential (laboratory) soil net N min across 30 grasslands worldwide. We find that realised N min is largely explained by temperature of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density. Potential N min only weakly correlates with realised N min, but contributes to explain realised net N min when combined with soil and climatic variables. We provide novel insights of global realised soil net N min and show that potential soil net N min data available in the literature could be parameterised with soil and climate data to better predict realised N min.

          Abstract

          Nitrogen mineralisation (N min), an important index of soil fertility, is often determined in the laboratory, with an uncertain relationship to N min under field conditions. Here the authors show that combining laboratory measurements with environmental data greatly improves predictions of field N min at a global scale.

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          Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

          The cycles of the key nutrient elements nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have been massively altered by anthropogenic activities. Thus, it is essential to understand how photosynthetic production across diverse ecosystems is, or is not, limited by N and P. Via a large-scale meta-analysis of experimental enrichments, we show that P limitation is equally strong across these major habitats and that N and P limitation are equivalent within both terrestrial and freshwater systems. Furthermore, simultaneous N and P enrichment produces strongly positive synergistic responses in all three environments. Thus, contrary to some prevailing paradigms, freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems are surprisingly similar in terms of N and P limitation.
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            Ubiquity and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in water columns and sediments of the ocean.

            Nitrification, the microbial oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate, occurs in a wide variety of environments and plays a central role in the global nitrogen cycle. Catalyzed by the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase, the ability to oxidize ammonia was previously thought to be restricted to a few groups within the beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria. However, recent metagenomic studies have revealed the existence of unique ammonia monooxygenase alpha-subunit (amoA) genes derived from uncultivated, nonextremophilic Crenarchaeota. Here, we report molecular evidence for the widespread presence of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in marine water columns and sediments. Using PCR primers designed to specifically target archaeal amoA, we find AOA to be pervasive in areas of the ocean that are critical for the global nitrogen cycle, including the base of the euphotic zone, suboxic water columns, and estuarine and coastal sediments. Diverse and distinct AOA communities are associated with each of these habitats, with little overlap between water columns and sediments. Within marine sediments, most AOA sequences are unique to individual sampling locations, whereas a small number of sequences are evidently cosmopolitan in distribution. Considering the abundance of nonextremophilic archaea in the ocean, our results suggest that AOA may play a significant, but previously unrecognized, role in the global nitrogen cycle.
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              Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates - synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                anita.risch@wsl.ch
                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-1723
                31 October 2019
                31 October 2019
                2019
                : 10
                : 4981
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2259 5533, GRID grid.419754.a, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, , Snow and Landscape Research WSL, ; Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
                [2 ]Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz Spain
                [3 ]Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0404 0958, GRID grid.463419.d, USDA-ARS Grassland Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, ; Temple, TX 76502 USA
                [5 ]ISNI 0000000419368657, GRID grid.17635.36, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, , University of Minnesota, ; St. Paul, MN USA
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0492 3830, GRID grid.7492.8, Department of Physiological Diversity, , Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research—UFZ, ; Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318 Germany
                [7 ]GRID grid.421064.5, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, ; Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
                [8 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0679 2801, GRID grid.9018.0, Institute of Biology, , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, ; Am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale), 06108 Germany
                [9 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0060, GRID grid.24434.35, School of Biological Sciences, , University of Nebraska, ; 211A Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
                [10 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1765 4000, GRID grid.440701.6, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, , Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University, ; Suzhou, 215213 China
                [11 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8438, GRID grid.266539.d, Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, , University of Kentucky, ; Lexington, KY 40546-0312 USA
                [12 ]ISNI 0000000121662407, GRID grid.5379.8, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, , The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ; Manchester, M13 9PT UK
                [13 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8190 6402, GRID grid.9835.7, Lancaster Environment Centre, , Lancaster University, ; Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
                [14 ]University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865 USA
                [15 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2185 8768, GRID grid.53857.3c, Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, , Utah State University, ; 5230 Old Main, Logan, UT 84103 USA
                [16 ]GRID grid.440857.a, Departamento de Biología, , Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, ; Ladrón de Guevera E11-253 y Andalucía, Quito, Ecuador
                [17 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7312, GRID grid.34421.30, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, , Iowa State University, ; Ames, IA 50011 USA
                [18 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0737 1259, GRID grid.36567.31, Division of Biology, , Kansas State University, ; Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
                [19 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8083, GRID grid.47894.36, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, , Colorado State University, ; 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO USA
                [20 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2181 4263, GRID grid.9983.b, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, , Universidade de Lisboa, ; Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
                [21 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2188 8502, GRID grid.266832.b, Department of Biology, , University of New Mexico, ; Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
                [22 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1945 2152, GRID grid.423606.5, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, , CONICET, ; Mar del Plata, Argentina
                [23 ]INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación (GrInBiC) Laboratorio Ecotono, Quintral, 1250 Bariloche, Argentina
                [24 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1939 2794, GRID grid.9613.d, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, , Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, ; Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
                [25 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2230 9752, GRID grid.9647.c, Institute of Biology, , Leipzig University, ; Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
                [26 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2107 4242, GRID grid.266100.3, University of California San Diego, ; 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
                [27 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0941 4873, GRID grid.10858.34, Department of Ecology and Genetics, , University of Oulu, ; Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014 Oulu, Finland
                [28 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2107 2298, GRID grid.49697.35, Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, , University of Pretoria, ; Pretoria, South Africa
                [29 ]ISNI 0000000120346234, GRID grid.5477.1, Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, , Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, ; 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [30 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0723 4123, GRID grid.16463.36, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, ; Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 South Africa
                [31 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8198, GRID grid.34429.38, Department of Integrative Biology, , University of Guelph, ; Guelph, N1G 2W1 ON Canada
                [32 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7857, GRID grid.1002.3, School of Biological Sciences, , Monash University, ; Claytion, VIC 3800 Australia
                [33 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9939 5719, GRID grid.1029.a, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, , Western Sydney University, ; Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
                [34 ]CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913 Australia
                [35 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0502 9283, GRID grid.22401.35, National Centre for Biological Sciences, , TIFR, ; Bangalore, 560065 India
                [36 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8403, GRID grid.9909.9, School of Biology, , University of Leeds, ; Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
                [37 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1945 2152, GRID grid.423606.5, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), , CONICET, ; Buenos Aires, Argentina
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-8336
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-0284
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-6926
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-3574
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-8912
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-6316
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-5853
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-9259
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-0599
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-7163
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-1763
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2171-7898
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-0721
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8486-7119
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0193-2892
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-1203
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-6720
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4253-0910
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4347-7741
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-5191
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-8671
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-7909
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-6542
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-4146
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2224-2097
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-1334
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-8217
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-1221
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-7192
                Article
                12948
                10.1038/s41467-019-12948-2
                6823350
                31672992
                cd3d1f89-b920-444c-9231-affa02eda4c3
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 20 February 2019
                : 10 October 2019
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                © The Author(s) 2019

                Uncategorized
                element cycles,biogeochemistry,grassland ecology
                Uncategorized
                element cycles, biogeochemistry, grassland ecology

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