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      Beers-Fick criteria and drugs available through the Farmácia Dose Certa program Translated title: Critérios de Beers-Fick e medicamentos disponíveis no Programa Farmácia Dose Certa

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:

          Farmácia Dose Certa is a program available in the State of São Paulo that is a national reference for providing drugs free of charge to the population. Elderly people receiving care deserve special attention regarding drugs that are appropriate for their age group. The objective was to assess the drugs in the program considered to be inappropriate for the elderly.

          DESIGN AND SETTING:

          Descriptive study evaluating free drug distribution in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

          METHODS:

          Following the criteria proposed by Beers and Fick (drugs or drug classes that should be avoided among elderly people, independent of the diagnosis or clinical condition, because of the high risk of side effects and because other, safer drugs are available), the drugs in the Farmácia Dose Certa program that might be inappropriate for elderly people and the levels of evidence for each drug included were assessed.

          RESULTS:

          Among the available drugs, 10 (25.6%) were included within the Beers-Fick criteria. The drugs selected were: amitriptyline, cimetidine, diazepam, digoxin, fluoxetine, methyldopa, nifedipine, promethazine, thioridazine and ferrous sulfate.

          CONCLUSION:

          The list of drugs available within the Farmácia Dose Certa program may be considered appropriate for the general population, but not completely for the elderly population. Adjusting this list to the pharmacological aspects of aging will reduce the risks of drug interactions, falls, mental confusion and excessive sedation that result from drugs that are considered inappropriate for consumption by elderly people.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:

          Programa Dose Certa é programa estadual para disponibilizar medicamentos de forma gratuita à população do Estado de São Paulo que é referência nacional no assunto. O segmento de idosos na população assistida merece atenção especial quanto aos fármacos adequados a este segmento etário. O objetivo foi avaliar as drogas no programa que são impróprias para idosos.

          TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:

          Estudo descritivo avaliando a distribuição de medicamentos no estado de São Paulo.

          MÉTODOS:

          Seguindo-se os critérios propostos por Beers e Fick (medicamentos ou classes deles que deveriam ser evitados em idosos, independentemente do diagnóstico ou da condição clínica, devido ao alto risco de efeitos colaterais e pela existência de outros fármacos mais seguros), avaliaram-se quais medicamentos do programa Dose Certa são impróprios para idosos e os níveis de evidência para cada medicamento incluído.

          RESULTADOS:

          Dos medicamentos disponíveis, 10 (25,6%) foram incluídos nos critérios de Beers-Fick: amitriptilina, cimetidina, diazepam, digoxina, fluoxetina, metildopa, nifedipina, prometazina, tiorodazida e sulfato ferroso.

          conclusão:

          A lista de fármacos disponível no Programa Dose Certa pode ser considerada apropriada para a população em geral, mas não totalmente para idosos. Adequá-los a aspectos farmacológicos do envelhecimento reduzirá riscos de interações medicamentosas, quedas, confusão mental e sedação excessiva decorrente de medicamentos considerados impróprios para o consumo de idosos.

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          Most cited references51

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          Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts.

          Medication toxic effects and drug-related problems can have profound medical and safety consequences for older adults and economically affect the health care system. The purpose of this initiative was to revise and update the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in adults 65 years and older in the United States. This study used a modified Delphi method, a set of procedures and methods for formulating a group judgment for a subject matter in which precise information is lacking. The criteria reviewed covered 2 types of statements: (1) medications or medication classes that should generally be avoided in persons 65 years or older because they are either ineffective or they pose unnecessarily high risk for older persons and a safer alternative is available and (2) medications that should not be used in older persons known to have specific medical conditions. This study identified 48 individual medications or classes of medications to avoid in older adults and their potential concerns and 20 diseases/conditions and medications to be avoided in older adults with these conditions. Of these potentially inappropriate drugs, 66 were considered by the panel to have adverse outcomes of high severity. This study is an important update of previously established criteria that have been widely used and cited. The application of the Beers criteria and other tools for identifying potentially inappropriate medication use will continue to enable providers to plan interventions for decreasing both drug-related costs and overall costs and thus minimize drug-related problems.
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            Explicit criteria for determining potentially inappropriate medication use by the elderly. An update.

            M H Beers (1997)
            This study updates and expands explicit criteria defining potentially inappropriate medication use by the elderly. Additional goals were to address whether adverse outcomes were likely to be clinically severe and to incorporate clinical information on diagnoses when available. These criteria are meant to serve epidemiological studies, drug utilization review systems, health care providers, and educational efforts. Consensus from a panel of 6 nationally recognized experts on the appropriate use of medication in the elderly was sought. The expert panel agreed on the validity of 28 criteria describing the potentially inappropriate use of medication by general populations of the elderly as well as 35 criteria defining potentially inappropriate medication use in older persons known to have any of 15 common medical conditions. Updated, expanded, and more generally applicable criteria are now available to help identify inappropriate use of medications in elderly populations. These criteria define medications that should generally be avoided in the ambulatory elderly, doses or frequencies of administrations that should generally not be exceeded, and medications that should be avoided in older persons known to have any of several common conditions.
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Hospitalization and death associated with potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions among elderly nursing home residents.

              This study examines the association of potentially inappropriate medication prescribing (PIRx) with hospitalization and death among elderly long-stay nursing home residents. We defined PIRx using the combined version of the Beers criteria. Data were from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Nursing Home Component. The study sample included 3372 residents, 65 years and older, who had nursing home stays of 3 consecutive months or longer in 1996. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses of longitudinal data using generalized estimating equations. Residents who received any PIRx had greater odds (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; P = .002) of being hospitalized in the following month than those receiving no PIRx. Residents with PIRx exposure for 2 consecutive months were at increased risk (OR, 1.27; P = .004) of hospitalization, as were those receiving PIRx in the second month only (OR, 1.80; P = .001), compared with those receiving no PIRx. Residents who received PIRx were at greater risk of death (OR, 1.28; P = .01) that month or the next. Residents with intermittent PIRx exposures were at greater odds of death (OR, 1.89; P<.001), compared with those with no PIRx exposure. The association of PIRx with subsequent adverse outcomes (hospitalization and death) provides new evidence of the importance of improving prescribing practices in the nursing home setting.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                6 January 2011
                2011
                : 129
                : 1
                : 17-22
                Affiliations
                [I ]originalMD. Geriatrics specialist, Geriatrics and Gerontology Sector, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [II ]originalMD. Geriatrics specialist, Interdisciplinary Center for Aging Research and Care, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [III ]originalMD, MSc. Professor of Geriatrics and Director of Hospital Dom Pedro II, Geriatrics and Gerontology Sector, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [IV ]originalMD, PhD. Professor and head of Geriatrics and Gerontology Sector, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Giancarlo Lucchetti, Av. Juriti, 367 — apto 131, Vila Uberabinha — São Paulo (SP) — Brasil CEP 04520-000 Tel. (+55 11) 5052-1298 E-mail: g.lucchetti@ 123456yahoo.com.br

                Conflict of interest: None

                Article
                10.1590/S1516-31802011000100004
                10865910
                21437504
                cd58eef7-fe7c-47ed-9a5d-51b286b8d922

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 26 February 2010
                : 21 September 2010
                : 30 September 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Original Article

                aged,pharmaceutical preparations,drug prescriptions,iatrogenic disease,adverse effects,idoso,preparações farmacêuticas,prescrições de medicamentos,doença iatrogênica,reações adversas a medicamentos

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