1
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Importancia del control glucémico posprandial en el paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Translated title: Importance of the postprandial glycemic control in the patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          RESUMEN La hiperglucemia postprandial es frecuente en personas con diabetes mellitus, incluso cuando el control metabólico general parece adecuado, según los niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada. Estudios han demostrado la relación entre los valores de glucemia postprandial y enfermedad cardiovascular, independientemente de los valores de glucemia plasmática en ayunas. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una patología progresiva y las fluctuaciones postprandiales de la glucemia parecen desempeñar un papel significativo en sus complicaciones vasculares. Las diferentes Guías de Práctica Clínica hacen énfasis en la individualización de la propuesta terapéutica y enfatizan la necesidad de sacar al paciente rápidamente del estado de hiperglucemia, combinando precozmente cambios del estilo de vida con farmacoterapia, en una progresión rápida a doble y triple terapia no insulínica o instalación temprana de insulinoterapia, combinada con otros fármacos. Un enfoque racional basado en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad ha permitido un notable desarrollo de la oferta fármaco-terapéutica. Es importante analizar las opciones de intervención terapéutica sobre la hiperglucemia postprandial, dadas las experiencias negativas relacionadas con la optimización del control y las dudas sobre la seguridad de los medicamentos. Analizadas todas las alternativas para el control de la glucemia postprandial, en el momento actual las intervenciones más eficaces serían los incretinomiméticos (GLP1ag y DPP-4I) con mayores beneficios sobre la GPP, la HbA1c y el peso. El objetivo general para los pacientes con DMT2 es una HbA1c = 7%, con el fin de disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones, pero es razonable individualizar el tratamiento, balanceando riesgos, beneficios y costos de la terapéutica planteada. Palabras clave: Diabetes, incretinas, hiperglucemia posprandial, riesgo cardiovascular, agonistas de receptores de GLP-1.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Postprandial hyperglycemia is frequent in Diabetes Mellitus sufferers, even when, according to the glycosylated hemoglobin levels, general metabolic control appears adequate. Various studies have shown the correlation between the postprandial glucose values and cardiovascular illness, irrespective of the fasting plasma glucose values. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a progressive pathology, and postprandial fluctuations in glucose seem to play a relevant role in vascular complications. The various Clinical Practice Guides emphasize the importance of individualizing the suggested therapeutic approach. All guides emphasize the need to take the patient quickly out of the state of hyperglycemia, and of early combination of changes in lifestyle with changes in drug therapy, in a rapid progression towards double and triple non-insulin therapy or early establishment of insulin therapy, combined with other drugs. A rational approach based on the physiopathology of the illness has made possible a remarkable development in the drug-therapy offer. It is important to analyze the intervention options on postprandial hyperglycemia, given the negative experiences related to control optimization and given existing doubts about the safety of medications. After analyzing all the alternatives for controlling postprandial glucose, at the moment the most effective interventions would be the incretin mimetics (GLP lag y DPP-4I) with greater benefits on the GPP, HbA1c and weight. The general objective for patients who suffer from DMT2 is an HbA1c = 7% in order to decrease the risk of complications, but it is reasonable to individualize treatment, balancing risks, benefits and costs of the proposed therapeutic approach. Key Words: Diabetes, Incretin, Postprandial Hyperglycemia, Cardiovascular Risk, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Glucagon-like peptide-1

          Related collections

          Most cited references78

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.

          Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 8 percent of adults in the United States. Some risk factors--elevated plasma glucose concentrations in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load, overweight, and a sedentary lifestyle--are potentially reversible. We hypothesized that modifying these factors with a lifestyle-intervention program or the administration of metformin would prevent or delay the development of diabetes. We randomly assigned 3234 nondiabetic persons with elevated fasting and post-load plasma glucose concentrations to placebo, metformin (850 mg twice daily), or a lifestyle-modification program with the goals of at least a 7 percent weight loss and at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week. The mean age of the participants was 51 years, and the mean body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was 34.0; 68 percent were women, and 45 percent were members of minority groups. The average follow-up was 2.8 years. The incidence of diabetes was 11.0, 7.8, and 4.8 cases per 100 person-years in the placebo, metformin, and lifestyle groups, respectively. The lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence by 58 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 48 to 66 percent) and metformin by 31 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent), as compared with placebo; the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than metformin. To prevent one case of diabetes during a period of three years, 6.9 persons would have to participate in the lifestyle-intervention program, and 13.9 would have to receive metformin. Lifestyle changes and treatment with metformin both reduced the incidence of diabetes in persons at high risk. The lifestyle intervention was more effective than metformin.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)

            (1998)
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA(1c).

              The exact contributions of postprandial and fasting glucose increments to overall hyperglycemia remain controversial. The discrepancies between the data published previously might be caused by the interference of several factors. To test the effect of overall glycemic control itself, we analyzed the diurnal glycemic profiles of type 2 diabetic patients investigated at different levels of HbA(1c). In 290 non-insulin- and non-acarbose-using patients with type 2 diabetes, plasma glucose (PG) concentrations were determined at fasting (8:00 A.M.) and during postprandial and postabsorptive periods (at 11:00 A.M., 2:00 P.M., and 5:00 P.M.). The areas under the curve above fasting PG concentrations (AUC(1)) and >6.1 mmol/l (AUC(2)) were calculated for further evaluation of the relative contributions of postprandial (AUC(1)/AUC(2), %) and fasting [(AUC(2) - AUC(1))/AUC(2), %] PG increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia. The data were compared over quintiles of HbA(1c). The relative contribution of postprandial glucose decreased progressively from the lowest (69.7%) to the highest quintile of HbA(1c) (30.5%, P < 0.001), whereas the relative contribution of fasting glucose increased gradually with increasing levels of HbA(1c): 30.3% in the lowest vs. 69.5% in the highest quintile (P < 0.001). The relative contribution of postprandial glucose excursions is predominant in fairly controlled patients, whereas the contribution of fasting hyperglycemia increases gradually with diabetes worsening. These results could therefore provide a unifying explanation for the discrepancies as observed in previous studies.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                anales
                Anales de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (Asunción)
                An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción)
                EFACIM. Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción (Asunción, Central, Paraguay )
                1816-8949
                June 2015
                : 48
                : 1
                : 83-100
                Article
                S1816-89492015000100008
                10.18004/anales/2015.048(01)83-100
                cd592591-845a-4c98-b6e4-c5ee017c3527

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 95, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Articulos de Revisión

                Comments

                Comment on this article