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      A new study of unreported cases of 2019-nCOV epidemic outbreaks

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          Abstract

          2019-nCOV epidemic is one of the greatest threat that the mortality faced since the World War-2 and most decisive global health calamity of the century. In this manuscript, we study the epidemic prophecy for the novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV) epidemic in Wuhan, China by using q-homotopy analysis transform method ( q-HATM). We considered the reported case data to parameterise the model and to identify the number of unreported cases. A new analysis with the proposed epidemic 2019-nCOV model for unreported cases is effectuated. For the considered system exemplifying the model of coronavirus, the series solution is established within the frame of the Caputo derivative. The developed results are explained using figures which show the behaviour of the projected model. The results show that the used scheme is highly emphatic and easy to implementation for the system of nonlinear equations. Further, the present study can confirm the applicability and effect of fractional operators to real-world problems.

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li … (2020)
          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19

            Quan-Xin Long, Bai-Zhong Liu, Hai-Jun Deng … (2020)
            We report acute antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 285 patients with COVID-19. Within 19 days after symptom onset, 100% of patients tested positive for antiviral immunoglobulin-G (IgG). Seroconversion for IgG and IgM occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Both IgG and IgM titers plateaued within 6 days after seroconversion. Serological testing may be helpful for the diagnosis of suspected patients with negative RT-PCR results and for the identification of asymptomatic infections.
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              New fractional derivatives with nonlocal and non-singular kernel: Theory and application to heat transfer model

              Abdon Atangana, Dumitru Baleanu (2016)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chaos Solitons Fractals
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chaos Solitons Fractals
                Title: Chaos, Solitons, and Fractals
                Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0960-0779
                ISSN (Electronic): 0960-0779
                Publication date PMC-release: 8 June 2020
                Publication date (Print): September 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 June 2020
                Volume: 138
                Page: 109929
                Affiliations
                [a ]School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan, China
                [b ]Department of Mathematics, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, India
                [c ]Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
                [d ]Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere 577007, India
                [e ]Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0960-0779(20)30328-3 Publisher ID: 109929
                DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109929
                PMC ID: 7834535
                PubMed ID: 33519103
                SO-VID: cd963ac3-4f8f-4a84-b727-eda7c45c3fcc
                Copyright statement: © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 6 April 2020
                Date revision received : 13 May 2020
                Date accepted : 21 May 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: coronavirus,reported and unreported cases,epidemic mathematical model,caputo derivative, q-homotopy analysis transform method
                Data availability:
                Keywords: coronavirus, reported and unreported cases, epidemic mathematical model, caputo derivative, q-homotopy analysis transform method

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