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      Neospora caninum infection in beef cattle reared under grazing conditions in north-central Mexico Translated title: Infección por Neospora caninum en ganado de carne mantenido en condiciones de pastoreo en el centro-norte de México

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          Abstract

          Objetive. To determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum antibodies and prevalence of parasite DNA in blood, and estimate the association between seroprevalence and the potential risk of some factors in beef cattle under grazing conditions in north-central Mexico. Materials and methods. Blood samples from 139 cows and only 10 bulls belonging to 13 farms were collected and evaluated by ELISA test to detect antibodies against N. caninum. Furthermore, to determine the presence of parasite DNA, nested PCR probe was performed on blood samples. Association between potential risk factors and seroprevalence was estimated. Results. Overall seroprevalence was 23% (35/149 samples), while the prevalence of parasite DNA in blood was 28% (42/149 samples). Of the 149 animals examined 28 (19%) were positive to both tests (25 cows and 3 bulls). Concordance between tests was k = 0.63. All herds had seropositive animals with positive parasite DNA detection in blood. The only risk factor identified was the presence of dogs (OR= 2.65). Conclusions. This study showed that bovine neospososis should be considered as an important infectious disease in north-central Mexico herds. Therefore, an epidemiological control should be taken into consideration to avoid the negative effect of this disease on mexican beef industry.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra N. caninum y la prevalencia de ADN del parásito en sangre y estimar la asociación entre la seroprevalencia y algunos potenciales factores de riesgo de ganado de carne mantenido bajo condiciones de pastoreo en el centro-norte de México. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron trece hatos ganaderos, en los cuales se recolectaron muestras de suero sanguíneo de 139 vacas y de solo 10 sementales, que fueron evaluados mediante la prueba de ELISA para detectar anticuerpos contra N. caninum. Por otra parte, se realizó una prueba de PCR anidado en muestras de sangre para determinar la presencia de ADN del parásito. Se estimó la asociación entre la seroprevalencia y algunos potenciales factores de riesgo. Resultados. La seroprevalencia general fue de 23%, mientras que la prevalencia a la presencia de ADN del parásito en sangre fue de 28%. Veintiocho muestras de 149 fueron positivas en ambas pruebas, mientras que 3/10 sementales fueron positivos en las dos pruebas. La concordancia entre las pruebas fue k=0.63. Todos los hatos tuvieron animales seropositivos y con presencia de ADN del parásito en sangre. El único factor de riesgo identificado fue la presencia de perros (OR=2.65). Conclusiones. La infección por N. caninum determinada en este estudio es importante, y deberá de ser más documentada; del mismo modo, algunas medidas de control deberán de considerarse para limitar sus efectos negativos en la industria mexicana de la carne.

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          Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum.

          Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.
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            Pathogenesis of bovine neosporosis.

            The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is a major pathogen of cattle and dogs, being a significant cause of abortion in cattle in many countries. It is one of the most efficiently transmitted parasites, with up to 90% of cattle infected in some herds. The pathogenesis of abortion due to Neospora is complex and only partially understood. Losses occur after a primary infection during pregnancy but more commonly as the result of recrudescence of a persistent infection during pregnancy. Parasitaemia is followed by invasion of the placenta and fetus. It is suggested that abortion occurs when primary parasite-induced placental damage jeopardises fetal survival directly or causes release of maternal prostaglandins that in turn cause luteolysis and abortion. Fetal damage may also occur due to primary tissue damage caused by the multiplication of N. caninum in the fetus or due to insufficient oxygen/nutrition, secondary to placental damage. In addition, maternal immune expulsion of the fetus may occur associated with maternal placental inflammation and the release of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines in the placenta. Thus N. caninum is a primary pathogen capable of causing abortion either through maternal placental inflammation, maternal and fetal placental necrosis, fetal damage, or a combination of all three. The question of how N. caninum kills the fetus exposes the complex and finely balanced biological processes that have evolved to permit bovine and other mammalian pregnancies to occur. Defining these immunological mechanisms will shed light on potential methods of control of bovine neosporosis and enrich our understanding of the continuity of mammalian and protozoal survival.
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              Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of neosporosis in beef and dairy cattle in Italy.

              A cross-sectional serological survey for Neospora caninum was carried out on beef and dairy cattle in southern and northern Italy. A total of 111 herds and 1140 animals were tested using an ELISA assay (CHEKIT-Neospora) to detect anti-N. caninum antibodies. Management and individual data were collected and analysed both by linear and logistic multiple-regression models in order to find good predictors of the cattle seroprevalence and anti-N. caninum antibody level. At least one seropositive animal was found in 49 herds (44.1%), of which 31 (39.7%) from southern Italy and 18 (54.5%) from northern Italy. A total of 126 head of cattle (11%) were found to be seropositive and the seroprevalence was lower in southern (8.7%) than in northern Italy (16%). One of the best predictors of neosporosis seroprevalence in this study was the practice of self-rearing replacement heifers. Further risk factors were linked to higher stocking density, i.e. animals farmed in large herds and with no summer or permanent grazing practices were more likely to be seropositive than others. Farms with two or more dogs had higher herd seropositivity than farms with one or no dogs and this factor interacted significantly with the farm size and presence of poultry. Among individual characteristics, seropositivity was higher in animals sampled in mid- or late-pregnancy compared to animals either in early pregnancy or not pregnant. There was a significant interaction between the factors for pregnancy status and grazing practices. None of the epidemiological data recorded was a good predictor of the anti-N. caninum antibody level.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mvz
                Revista MVZ Córdoba
                Rev.MVZ Cordoba
                Universidad de Córdoba - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. (Córdoba, Montería, Colombia )
                0122-0268
                1909-0544
                May 2011
                : 16
                : 2
                : 2484-2490
                Affiliations
                [01] Aguascalientes orgnameInstituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes México
                [02] Jiutepec Morelos orgnameCentro Nacional de Parasitología Veterinaria orgdiv1Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) México
                Article
                S0122-02682011000200005 S0122-0268(11)01600205
                cd983625-9b3f-4d52-860b-2e8b29835593

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : August 2010
                : February 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Originals

                PCR,seroprevalence,prevalence,DNA,Bovines,seroprevalencia,prevalencia,bovinos,ADN

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