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      Relación entre empatía, asertividad, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes mexicanos de enfermería Translated title: Relationship between empathy, assertiveness, anxiety and depression in Mexican nursing students

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Identificar perfiles que describan la asociación entre nivel de empatía y asertividad con nivel de ansiedad y depresión, sexo y año de formación en estudiantes de enfermería. Método: 909 estudiantes completaron Escala Multidimensional de Empatía, factor Asertividad de Escala Multidimensional de Asertividad, Inventario de Ansiedad e Inventario de Depresión de Beck. Resultados: Se detectaron 4 perfiles, 1. Mujeres, asertividad “menor”, depresión “leve” o “moderada”, ansiedad “moderada”; 2. Asertividad “mayor”, ansiedad “leve”, empatía “media”, primer año de formación; 3. Empatía “alta”, depresión y ansiedad “severa”, tercer año de formación; 4. Hombres, empatía “baja”, depresión y ansiedad “mínima”, cuarto año de formación. Conclusión: Se detecta un perfil “funcional” con mayor asertividad, nivel medio de empatía y ansiedad leve. Un bajo nivel de empatía se asocia con niveles mínimos de ansiedad y depresión en hombres. Finalmente, bajos niveles de asertividad se asocian con niveles moderados de ansiedad y depresión en mujeres.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: Identify profiles that describe the way in which the level of empathy and assertiveness are associated with the level of anxiety and depression, sex and year of academic training in nursing students. Method: 909 nursing students completed the Multidimensional Empathy Scale, the Assertiveness factor of the Multidimensional Assertiveness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: 4 profiles were obtained: 1. Women, “minor” assertiveness, “mild” or “moderate” depression, “moderate” anxiety; 2. “Higher” assertiveness, “mild” anxiety, “medium” empathy, first year of training; 3. “High” empathy, “severe” depression and anxiety, third year of academic training; 4. Men, “low” empathy, “minimal” depression and anxiety, fourth year of training. Conclusion: A “functional” profile was detected, with greater assertiveness, a medium level of empathy and mild anxiety. A low level of empathy is associated with minimal levels of anxiety and depression in men. Finally, low levels of assertiveness are associated with moderate levels of anxiety and depression in women.

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          Most cited references39

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          Clinical empathy as emotional labor in the patient-physician relationship.

          Empathy should characterize all health care professions. Despite advancement in medical technology, the healing relationship between physicians and patients remains essential to quality care. We propose that physicians consider empathy as emotional labor (ie, management of experienced and displayed emotions to present a certain image). Since the publication of Hochschild's The Managed Heart in 1983, researchers in management and organization behavior have been studying emotional labor by service workers, such as flight attendants and bill collectors. In this article, we focus on physicians as professionals who are expected to be empathic caregivers. They engage in such emotional labor through deep acting (ie, generating empathy-consistent emotional and cognitive reactions before and during empathic interactions with the patient, similar to the method-acting tradition used by some stage and screen actors), surface acting (ie, forging empathic behaviors toward the patient, absent of consistent emotional and cognitive reactions), or both. Although deep acting is preferred, physicians may rely on surface acting when immediate emotional and cognitive understanding of patients is impossible. Overall, we contend that physicians are more effective healers--and enjoy more professional satisfaction--when they engage in the process of empathy. We urge physicians first to recognize that their work has an element of emotional labor and, second, to consciously practice deep and surface acting to empathize with their patients. Medical students and residents can benefit from long-term regular training that includes conscious efforts to develop their empathic abilities. This will be valuable for both physicians and patients facing the increasingly fragmented and technological world of modern medicine.
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            Protecting emergency room nurses from burnout: The role of dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation and empathy

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              Relationships among active listening, self-awareness, empathy, and patient-centered care in associate and baccalaureate degree nursing students

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                index
                Index de Enfermería
                Index Enferm
                Fundación Index (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                1132-1296
                1699-5988
                June 2022
                : 31
                : 2
                : 129-133
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Mexico
                [3] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Mexico
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Dirección de Investigación Mexico
                [4] orgnameInstituto Politécnico Nacional orgdiv1Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomás Mexico
                [5] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Dirección General de Difusión e Investigación Mexico
                Article
                S1132-12962022000200017 S1132-1296(22)03100200017
                10.58807/indexenferm20225088
                cd989d39-ee66-48e7-8483-33f3ec8f0ae2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 March 2022
                : 09 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Academia

                Psychosocial profile,Multiple correspondence analysis,Mental health,Healthcare students,Comunicación,Perfil psicosocial,Análisis de correspondencias múltiples,Salud mental,Estudiantes del área de la salud,Communication

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