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      Comparison between refraction measured by Spot Vision Screening TM and subjective clinical refractometry

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE:

          The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Spot Vision Screening TM as an autorefractor by comparing refraction measurements to subjective clinical refractometry results in children and adult patients.

          METHODS:

          One-hundred and thirty-four eyes of 134 patients were submitted to refractometry by Spot and clinical refractometry under cycloplegia. Patients, students, physicians, staff and children of staff from the Hospital das Clínicas (School of Medicine, University of São Paulo) aged 7-50 years without signs of ocular disease were examined. Only right-eye refraction data were analyzed. The findings were converted in magnitude vectors for analysis.

          RESULTS:

          The difference between Spot Vision Screening TM and subjective clinical refractometry expressed in spherical equivalents was +0.66±0.56 diopters (D), +0.16±0.27 D for the vector projected on the 90 axis and +0.02±0.15 D for the oblique vector.

          CONCLUSIONS:

          Despite the statistical significance of the difference between the two methods, we consider the difference non-relevant in a clinical setting, supporting the use of Spot Vision Screening TM as an ancillary method for estimating refraction.

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          Most cited references55

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          Performance of the Spot vision screener for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in children.

          To compare the accuracy of the Spot photoscreener (Pediavision Holdings LLC Lake Mary, FL) in detecting amblyopia risk factors in children to the 2003 and 2013 referral criteria of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS).
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            Comparison of photorefraction, autorefractometry and retinoscopy in children.

            Photorefractive devices have been evaluated for their effectiveness in detecting anisometropia, hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism. We investigated the reliability of Plusoptix S08, the newest photoscreener, and Topcon autorefractometer by comparing them with cycloplegic retinoscopy. Plusoptix S08, cycloplegic retinoscopy, and cycloplegic autorefractometer measurements for 235 eyes of 118 children (59 female, 59 male) with a mean age of 4.9 ± 2.6 and median age of 5 years (range 1-12) were conducted. The Plusoptix S08 produced the following mean (± SD) results--spherical 0.27 ± 1.64, cylindrical power -0.81 ± 0.71, axis 89.73 ± 61.18, and spherical equivalent -0.05 ± 1.61. The cycloplegic retinoscopy produced the following mean (± SD) results--spherical 0.12 ± 1.35, cylindrical power -0.89 ± 0.71, axis 92.18 ± 68.39, and spherical equivalent -0.15 ± 1.31. The cycloplegic autorefractometer produced the following mean (± SD) results--spherical 0.16 ± 1.44, cylindrical power -0.88 ± 0.72, axis 90.86 ± 68.21, and spherical equivalent -0.12 ± 1.41. This study has shown that cycloplegic autorefractometer and retinoscopy results are similar and Plusoptix S08 is a very safe, easy-to-use and reliable screening method of refraction, especially for ophthalmologists unskilled in retinoscopy. Plusoptix S08 is a useful tool for estimating refraction in patients for whom conventional autorefraction is not an option.
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              Multivariate analysis of refractive data: mathematics and statistics of spherocylinders.

              To develop methods for multivariate statistical analysis of spherocylinders and to use these methods to compare autorefraction and manifest subjective refraction in 50 healthy eyes. Department of Ophthalmology, Arhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark. A method was developed to transform a spherocylinder to a suitable format as a spherical equivalent power (SEP) and 2 polar values, separated by an arch of 45 degrees, a so-called power-vector format. The accuracy of autorefraction was defined as the difference between autorefraction and manifest refraction, using the described power vector. These entities were subjected to multivariate analysis using the Hotelling T2 test. A method of graphic analysis was developed, using matrix algebra and computation of eigenvectors and eigenvalues. For individual data, the variation was considerably larger for the SEP than for the astigmatism. For aggregate data, univariate, bivariate, and trivariate statistical analysis did not demonstrate significant average differences between the 2 refraction methods. No refractive components and no combinations of refractive components displayed significant mean differences. The study confirmed our clinical experience that the astigmatism derived from autorefraction is nearly identical to manifest refraction, while the sphere needs some adjustment. In groups of healthy eyes, autorefraction can be used as a substitute for manifest refraction. Statistical analysis of spherocylinders, including evaluation of refractive procedures, can be performed in an exact manner with multivariate statistics.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clinics (Sao Paulo)
                Clinics (Sao Paulo)
                Clinics
                Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
                1807-5932
                1980-5322
                February 2016
                February 2016
                : 71
                : 2
                : 69-72
                Affiliations
                [I ]Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Disciplina de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
                [II ]Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Computação, São Cristóvão/, SE, Brazil
                Author notes
                Article
                cln_71p69
                10.6061/clinics/2016(02)03
                4760365
                26934234
                cda71a86-d107-411c-a32a-9d2d718615db
                Copyright © 2016 Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 13 November 2015
                : 1 December 2015
                : 1 December 2015
                Categories
                Clinical Science

                Medicine
                refraction,ocular,equipment design,comparative study
                Medicine
                refraction, ocular, equipment design, comparative study

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