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      Exploring the Link Between Dry Eye and Migraine: From Eye to Brain

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 , 3 , 1 , 4
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Eye and Brain
      Publisher: Dove
      Keywords: dry eye, migraine, brain, sensitization

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          Abstract

          Dry eye and migraine are common diseases with large societal and economic burdens that have recently been associated in the literature. This review outlines the link between dry eye and migraine, which may have implications for reducing their respective burdens. We highlight possible shared pathophysiology, including peripheral and central sensitization, as the potential link between dry eye and migraine. Finally, therapies targeting similar pathophysiological mechanisms between dry eye and migraine are discussed.

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          Most cited references112

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          Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition

          (2018)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1369 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report

            Jennifer Craig, Kelly Nichols, Esen K Akpek … (2017)
            The goals of the TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Subcommittee were to create an evidence-based definition and a contemporary classification system for dry eye disease (DED). The new definition recognizes the multifactorial nature of dry eye as a disease where loss of homeostasis of the tear film is the central pathophysiological concept. Ocular symptoms, as a broader term that encompasses reports of discomfort or visual disturbance, feature in the definition and the key etiologies of tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, and ocular surface inflammation and damage were determined to be important for inclusion in the definition. In the light of new data, neurosensory abnormalities were also included in the definition for the first time. In the classification of DED, recent evidence supports a scheme based on the pathophysiology where aqueous deficient and evaporative dry eye exist as a continuum, such that elements of each are considered in diagnosis and management. Central to the scheme is a positive diagnosis of DED with signs and symptoms, and this is directed towards management to restore homeostasis. The scheme also allows consideration of various related manifestations, such as non-obvious disease involving ocular surface signs without related symptoms, including neurotrophic conditions where dysfunctional sensation exists, and cases where symptoms exist without demonstrable ocular surface signs, including neuropathic pain. This approach is not intended to override clinical assessment and judgment but should prove helpful in guiding clinical management and research.
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              TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report

              Florence Malet, Kaevalin Lekhanont, Isabelle Jalbert … (2017)
              The subcommittee reviewed the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, natural history, morbidity and questionnaires reported in epidemiological studies of dry eye disease (DED). A meta-analysis of published prevalence data estimated the impact of age and sex. Global mapping of prevalence was undertaken. The prevalence of DED ranged from 5 to 50%. The prevalence of signs was higher and more variable than symptoms. There were limited prevalence studies in youth and in populations south of the equator. The meta-analysis confirmed that prevalence increases with age, however signs showed a greater increase per decade than symptoms. Women have a higher prevalence of DED than men, although differences become significant only with age. Risk factors were categorized as modifiable/non-modifiable, and as consistent, probable or inconclusive. Asian ethnicity was a mostly consistent risk factor. The economic burden and impact of DED on vision, quality of life, work productivity, psychological and physical impact of pain, are considerable, particularly costs due to reduced work productivity. Questionnaires used to evaluate DED vary in their utility. Future research should establish the prevalence of disease of varying severity, the incidence in different populations and potential risk factors such as youth and digital device usage. Geospatial mapping might elucidate the impact of climate, environment and socioeconomic factors. Given the limited study of the natural history of treated and untreated DED, this remains an important area for future research.
              Article 0 comments Cited 561 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eye Brain
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eye Brain
                Journal ID (publisher-id): eb
                Journal ID (pmc): eb
                Title: Eye and Brain
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1179-2744
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 March 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 13
                Pages: 41-57
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL, USA
                [2 ]University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL, USA
                [3 ]Faculdade de Medicina (FMB) da Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP) , Botucatu, Brazil
                [4 ]Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, FL, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Anat Galor Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , 900 NW17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USATel +1 305-326-6000Fax +1 305-575-3312 Email agalor@med.miami.edu
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-0327
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-6155
                Article
                Publisher ID: 234073
                DOI: 10.2147/EB.S234073
                PMC ID: 7939506
                PubMed ID: 33692643
                SO-VID: cdb99de7-ca8e-474b-af74-57d8f4e68c79
                Copyright © © 2021 Baksh et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 02 December 2020
                Date accepted : 17 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 2, References: 113, Pages: 17
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: dry eye,migraine,brain,sensitization
                Data availability:
                Keywords: dry eye, migraine, brain, sensitization

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