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      Designation of a neotype for Mazama americana (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) reveals a cryptic new complex of brocket deer species

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          Abstract

          Mazama americana (red brocket deer) is the genus-type species (first species described for this genus) and the basis for the identity of other Mazama species. Mazama americana is one of the most abundant and widely distributed deer species in the neotropical forest. However, recent studies suggest that this taxon belongs to a species complex. Our goal was to collect an animal at the type locality (topotype) in French Guiana with the aim of characterizing the morphological (biometric, craniometric), cytogenetic (Giemsa, C-banding, G-banding and NOR) and molecular (mitochondrial DNA) features. The comparisons showed that the collected specimen was very similar morphologically to specimens from other South American populations, but it was cytogenetically and molecularly very different from any of the cytotypes already described for this species, corroborating the existence of a complex of cryptic species. The data suggest that the M. americana topotype is a different species from all the cytotypes already described in the literature and which occupy the southern region of the Amazon River. The characterization and designation of the M. americana neotype is the first step toward a taxonomic reorganization of the genus Mazama , with the potential identification of new species.

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          Most cited references28

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          MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees.

          The program MRBAYES performs Bayesian inference of phylogeny using a variant of Markov chain Monte Carlo. MRBAYES, including the source code, documentation, sample data files, and an executable, is available at http://brahms.biology.rochester.edu/software.html.
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            Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers.

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              Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography and population history of the grey wolf canis lupus

              The grey wolf (Canis lupus) and coyote (C. latrans) are highly mobile carnivores that disperse over great distances in search of territories and mates. Previous genetic studies have shown little geographical structure in either species. However, population genetic structure is also influenced by past isolation events and population fluctuations during glacial periods. In this study, control region sequence data from a worldwide sample of grey wolves and a more limited sample of coyotes were analysed. The results suggest that fluctuating population sizes during the late Pleistocene have left a genetic signature on levels of variation in both species. Genealogical measures of nucleotide diversity suggest that historical population sizes were much larger in both species and grey wolves were more numerous than coyotes. Currently, about 300 000 wolves and 7 million coyotes exist. In grey wolves, genetic diversity is greater than that predicted from census population size, reflecting recent historical population declines. By contrast, nucleotide diversity in coyotes is smaller than that predicted by census population size, reflecting a recent population expansion following the extirpation of wolves from much of North America. Both species show little partitioning of haplotypes on continental or regional scales. However, a statistical parsimony analysis indicates local genetic structure that suggests recent restricted gene flow.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                2
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2020
                11 August 2020
                : 958
                : 143-164
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n CEP: 14884–900, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Jaboticabal Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Sosígenes Costa, Porto Seguro, BA, CEP: 45810–000, Brazil Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia Porto Seguro Brazil
                [3 ] Kwata NGO, 16 Avenue Pasteur, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana Kwata NGO Cayenne French Guyana
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: José Maurício Barbanti Duarte ( mauricio.barbanti@ 123456unesp.br )

                Academic editor: Jesus Maldonado

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7805-0265
                Article
                50300
                10.3897/zookeys.958.50300
                7434805
                32863720
                cde5d46d-635d-4f17-9779-9bf7b3c86485
                Analorena Cifuentes-Rincón, Jorge Alfonso Morales-Donoso, Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval, Iara Maluf Tomazella, Aline Meira Bonfim Mantellatto, Benoit de Thoisy, José Maurício Barbanti Duarte

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 20 January 2020
                : 18 May 2020
                Categories
                Research Article
                Artiodactyla
                Cervidae
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                Cellular & Organismal genetics
                Molecular genetics
                Systematics
                South America

                Animal science & Zoology
                biodiversity,chromosomes,cytogenetics,french guiana,mitochondrial dna,morphology,red brocket deer,topotype

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