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      Dental Records and what they can Reveal about Tobacco Use Intervention Practices

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          Abstract

          INTRODUCTION

          Tobacco use prevention and cessation is a practice required by every dentist. It is a fundamental tenet in the fight against tobacco. Fundamentally, the first step of any tobacco use prevention practice includes the identification of tobacco users and a history of their habit. This information is recorded in the dental record of the patient and provides a baseline for the assessment and counseling of the patient in regards to their oral health.

          OBJECTIVES

          To investigate if tobacco use is regularly recorded in dental records of patients attending King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD).

          METHODS

          Four hundred and ninety-four dental records were randomly sampled out of 31,323 records opened during the last three years. Dental records were assessed for information pertaining to the use of tobacco products, the type used, frequency and duration of tobacco use.

          RESULTS

          Only 364 dental records showed that tobacco use information was asked (73%), and of these, only 2% were asked when they started, 4% were asked how often they use tobacco, and 16% were asked about the type of tobacco used. From the dental records sampled, the prevalence of tobacco use among the patients attending KAUFD during that period was 16%.

          CONCLUSIONS

          In regards to tobacco use, all patients must be asked if they use tobacco in any form. Tobacco habits not only cause systemic diseases, but have direct detrimental effects on the oral cavity and greatly deter dental treatment. Dental records provide an excellent source of information for institutes and clinical offices, to monitor the practice of tobacco use prevention and cessation in its simplest terms.

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          Most cited references24

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          Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries.

          Exposure to second-hand smoke is common in many countries but the magnitude of the problem worldwide is poorly described. We aimed to estimate the worldwide exposure to second-hand smoke and its burden of disease in children and adult non-smokers in 2004. The burden of disease from second-hand smoke was estimated as deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for children and adult non-smokers. The calculations were based on disease-specific relative risk estimates and area-specific estimates of the proportion of people exposed to second-hand smoke, by comparative risk assessment methods, with data from 192 countries during 2004. Worldwide, 40% of children, 33% of male non-smokers, and 35% of female non-smokers were exposed to second-hand smoke in 2004. This exposure was estimated to have caused 379,000 deaths from ischaemic heart disease, 165,000 from lower respiratory infections, 36,900 from asthma, and 21,400 from lung cancer. 603,000 deaths were attributable to second-hand smoke in 2004, which was about 1·0% of worldwide mortality. 47% of deaths from second-hand smoke occurred in women, 28% in children, and 26% in men. DALYs lost because of exposure to second-hand smoke amounted to 10·9 million, which was about 0·7% of total worldwide burden of diseases in DALYs in 2004. 61% of DALYs were in children. The largest disease burdens were from lower respiratory infections in children younger than 5 years (5,939,000), ischaemic heart disease in adults (2,836,000), and asthma in adults (1,246,000) and children (651,000). These estimates of worldwide burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke suggest that substantial health gains could be made by extending effective public health and clinical interventions to reduce passive smoking worldwide. Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare and Bloomberg Philanthropies. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Tobacco and oral disease. EU-Working Group on Tobacco and Oral Health.

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              Meta-analysis of the efficacy of tobacco counseling by health care providers.

              Given the proportion of American adults who smoke, even if health professionals only have a small effect on quit rates, the public health impact of this change could potentially be enormous. Yet, health care providers may differ in their cessation efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate recent rigorous trials of smoking cessation counseling among physicians, nurses, dentists, and teams of providers: (1) to compare providers on the efficacy of cessation and (2)to determine which intervention and study characteristics explain variations in intervention effects. Thirty-seven randomized clinical trials or quasi-experiments (with control groups) of health care provider-delivered smoking cessation interventions, out of over 200 articles that were published between 1990 and 2004 were collected through searches of Medline, CINAHL, PSYCINFO, and dissertation abstracts, as well as hand searches. The outcome modeled was the mean difference between intervention and control groups in the cessation rates using Hedges g. The univariate results revealed that receiving advice from any health care professional produced increases in quit rates. Multivariate analyses of intervention effects on cessation revealed that physicians were most effective, followed by multiprovider teams, dentists, and nurses. The findings suggest that contact with a health care professional will increase cessation; however, additional training in tobacco control for nurses is warranted. Longer-term studies of smoking cessation, particularly among dentists, are necessary.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Tob Prev Cessat
                Tob Prev Cessat
                TPC
                Tobacco Prevention & Cessation
                European Publishing on behalf of the European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP)
                2459-3087
                02 February 2017
                2017
                : 3
                : 3
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, KSA
                [2 ]King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                CORRESPONDENCE TO N A Al-Hazmi. King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, P.O. Box 80498, Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia. Email: nalhazmi@ 123456kau.edu.sa . Phone number: +966506378349
                Article
                3
                10.18332/tpc/67969
                7232826
                ce0c6225-a258-44df-bb79-454388298274
                © 2017 Al-Kayyal M.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 August 2016
                : 02 December 2016
                : 20 December 2016
                Categories
                Research Paper

                tobacco,tobacco use prevention and cessation,dental records,students

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