22
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: not found
      • Article: not found

      Fruit and vegetable consumption and health outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Related collections

          Most cited references78

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals.

          Chemoprevention refers to the use of agents to inhibit, reverse or retard tumorigenesis. Numerous phytochemicals derived from edible plants have been reported to interfere with a specific stage of the carcinogenic process. Many mechanisms have been shown to account for the anticarcinogenic actions of dietary constituents, but attention has recently been focused on intracellular-signalling cascades as common molecular targets for various chemopreventive phytochemicals.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            The emerging role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function

            The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene name NFE2L2) allows adaptation and survival under conditions of stress by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes as well as proteins that assist in the repair or removal of damaged macromolecules. Nrf2 has a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the biosynthesis, utilization, and regeneration of glutathione, thioredoxin, and NADPH and by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Under homeostatic conditions, Nrf2 affects the mitochondrial membrane potential, fatty acid oxidation, availability of substrates (NADH and FADH2/succinate) for respiration, and ATP synthesis. Under conditions of stress or growth factor stimulation, activation of Nrf2 counteracts the increased reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria via transcriptional upregulation of uncoupling protein 3 and influences mitochondrial biogenesis by maintaining the levels of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, as well as by promoting purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Pharmacological Nrf2 activators, such as the naturally occurring isothiocyanate sulforaphane, inhibit oxidant-mediated opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and mitochondrial swelling. Curiously, a synthetic 1,4-diphenyl-1,2,3-triazole compound, originally designed as an Nrf2 activator, was found to promote mitophagy, thereby contributing to the overall mitochondrial homeostasis. Thus, Nrf2 is a prominent player in supporting the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondria, and this role is particularly crucial under conditions of stress.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on Carbohydrate Metabolism

              Polyphenols, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins and resveratrol, are a large and heterogeneous group of phytochemicals in plant-based foods, such as tea, coffee, wine, cocoa, cereal grains, soy, fruits and berries. Growing evidence indicates that various dietary polyphenols may influence carbohydrate metabolism at many levels. In animal models and a limited number of human studies carried out so far, polyphenols and foods or beverages rich in polyphenols have attenuated postprandial glycemic responses and fasting hyperglycemia, and improved acute insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. The possible mechanisms include inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption in the intestine, stimulation of insulin secretion from the pancreatic β–cells, modulation of glucose release from the liver, activation of insulin receptors and glucose uptake in the insulin-sensitive tissues, and modulation of intracellular signalling pathways and gene expression. The positive effects of polyphenols on glucose homeostasis observed in a large number of in vitro and animal models are supported by epidemiological evidence on polyphenol-rich diets. To confirm the implications of polyphenol consumption for prevention of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and eventually type 2 diabetes, human trials with well-defined diets, controlled study designs and clinically relevant end-points together with holistic approaches e.g., systems biology profiling technologies are needed.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
                International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
                Informa UK Limited
                0963-7486
                1465-3478
                February 12 2019
                August 18 2019
                February 15 2019
                August 18 2019
                : 70
                : 6
                : 652-667
                Affiliations
                [1 ] The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy;
                [2 ] Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy;
                [3 ] NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
                [4 ] Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom;
                [5 ] Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University, United Kingdom;
                [6 ] SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy;
                [7 ] Biccoca, University of Milano, Milan, Italy;
                [8 ] Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;
                [9 ] Rimini Women’s Health, Childhood and Adolescent Department, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy;
                [10 ] Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy;
                [11 ] Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy;
                [12 ] Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy;
                [13 ] Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;
                [14 ] Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
                [15 ] The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
                Article
                10.1080/09637486.2019.1571021
                30764679
                ce0e03a8-099c-4a89-a532-5a262e8e4d93
                © 2019
                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article