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      Ökonomische und intangible Kosten des Cannabiskonsums in Deutschland

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Um die negativen Auswirkungen des Cannabiskonsums sinnvoll im Rahmen ökonomischer Kosten-Nutzen-Entscheidungen beurteilen und in gesundheitspolitische Entscheidungen einbringen zu können, ist es notwendig, die ursächlich mit dem Konsum in Verbindung stehenden Kosten vollständig zu quantifizieren. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, einen Überblick über die medizinisch-ökonomischen Kosten des Cannabiskonsums in Deutschland zu geben. Methode: Zur Kostenschätzung wurde eine Stichprobe der Techniker Krankenkasse mit 146.000 Versicherten und davon 1.245 Personen mit einer auf schädlichen Cannabiskonsum hinweisenden Diagnose (ICD-10-gm-Code F12) ausgewertet. Mit Hilfe geeigneter statistischer Regressionsmodelle wurden die kausal auf Cannabis zurückführbaren Zusatzkosten im Gesundheitssektor sowie weitere produktivitätsrelevante und intangible Beeinträchtigungen ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Schädlich Cannabis konsumierende Versicherte verursachen 2.438 € an zusätzlichen Kosten pro Person und Jahr. Insgesamt ergeben sich Kosten in Höhe von 975 Mio. € p.a. Ggf. fallen weitere Zusatzkosten durch Tabakkonsum an, wenn beides kombiniert konsumiert wird. Schließlich zeigen die Befunde auch signifikant erhöhte intangible Einbußen wie Erschöpfung, Depression und Schmerzen. Diskussion: Cannabiskonsum ist mit einer Vielzahl an Risiken und Kosten verbunden, die bei möglichen Veränderungen in der Drogenpolitik sorgfältig bedacht werden müssen.

          Economic and intangible Costs of Cannabis Consumption in Germany

          Abstract. Aim: Concerning the ongoing debate on the legalization of cannabis in Germany, the medical costs due to its consumption need to be assessed and quantified for further decisions. This contribution gives an estimation of the economic costs and possible further intangible impairments due to hazardous cannabis consumption. Methods: For the estimation a sample of 146,000 subjects from the German Statutory Health Insurance with 1,245 subjects displaying a diagnosis of hazardous cannabis consumption (ICD10-Code F12) were analyzed. Using different regression models we assessed the costs caused by cannabis consumption in the health sector as well as productivity losses and intangible impairments. Results: Hazardous consumption of cannabis results in 2,438 € of additional costs per person and year. In sum the economic costs of cannabis consumption in Germany are 975 m. € p.a. Additional costs due to accompanying tobacco use are likely. The results also indicate a higher occurrence of intangible impairments like depression, fatigue and pain among hazardous cannabis consumers. Discussion: The costs assessment displays the higher economic burden and health effects that would likely result if cannabis consumption increases e. g. due to a more liberal regulation. These costs and burdens need to be incorporated into the discussion.

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          Most cited references15

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          Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments

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            Examining the relationship between the physical availability of medical marijuana and marijuana use across fifty California cities.

            The purpose of the current study is to assess statistical associations between individual demographic and personality characteristics, the city-level physical availability of medical marijuana (as measured through densities per roadway mile of storefront dispensaries and delivery services), and the incidence and prevalence of marijuana use.
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              The effects of medical marijuana laws on illegal marijuana use.

              More and more states have passed laws that allow individuals to use marijuana for medical purposes. There is an ongoing, heated policy debate over whether these laws have increased marijuana use among non-patients. In this paper, I address that question empirically by studying marijuana possession arrests in cities from 1988 to 2008. I estimate fixed effects models with city-specific time trends that can condition on unobserved heterogeneities across cities in both their levels and trends. I find that these laws increase marijuana arrests among adult males by about 15-20%. These results are further validated by findings from data on treatment admissions to rehabilitation facilities: marijuana treatments among adult males increased by 10-20% after the passage of medical marijuana laws.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                suc
                SUCHT
                Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                0939-5911
                1664-2856
                2016
                : 62
                : 1 , Themenheft: Cannabis – Behandlungsnachfrage, Konsumkosten und gesellschaftlicher Umgang
                : 31-41
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Institut für Recht der Wirtschaft, Universität Hamburg
                [ 2 ]WINEG | Wissenschaftliches Institut der TK für Nutzen und Effizienz im Gesundheitswesen, Hamburg
                Author notes
                PD Dr. Tobias Effertz, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Recht der Wirtschaft, Max Brauer Allee 60, 22765 Hamburg, Deutschland
                Article
                suc_62_1_31
                10.1024/0939-5911/a000406
                ce23db8b-2713-4506-b70c-104398d6faa2
                Copyright @ 2016
                History
                : 18. August 2015
                : 13. Dezember 2015
                Categories
                Originalarbeit

                Medicine,Psychology,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Legalisierung,Cannabis,cannabis,intangible costs,legalization,Ökonomische Kosten,Intangible Kosten,Cost-of-illness

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