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      BRAINCASE OF THE UPPER DEVONIAN SHARK CLADODOIDES WILDUNGENSIS (CHONDRICHTHYES, ELASMOBRANCHII), WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE BRAINCASE IN EARLY CHONDRICHTHYANS

      Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
      American Museum of Natural History (BioOne sponsored)

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          The braincase of pholidophorid and leptolepid fishes, with a review of the actinopterygian braincase.

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            The oldest articulated chondrichthyan from the Early Devonian period.

            Chondrichthyans (including living sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras) have a fossil record of scales and dermal denticles perhaps dating back to the Late Ordovician period, about 455 million years ago. Their fossil tooth record extends to the earliest Devonian period, almost 418 million years ago, whereas the oldest known articulated shark remains date from the Early Devonian period, about 394 million years ago. Here we report the discovery of an articulated shark that is almost 409 million years old from the Early Devonian (early Emsian) period of New Brunswick, Canada. The specimen, identified as Doliodus problematicus (Woodward), sheds light on the earliest chondrichthyans and their interrelationships with basal jawed vertebrates. This species has been truly problematic. Previously known only from isolated teeth, it has been identified as an acanthodian and a chondrichthyan. This specimen is the oldest shark showing the tooth families in situ, and preserves one of the oldest chondrichthyan braincases. More notably, it shows the presence of paired pectoral fin-spines, previously unknown in cartilaginous fishes.
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              The Acanthodian Fishes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
                Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
                American Museum of Natural History (BioOne sponsored)
                0003-0090
                March 2005
                March 2005
                : 288
                :
                : 1-103
                Article
                10.1206/0003-0090(2005)288<0001:BOTUDS>2.0.CO;2
                ce310a25-9630-422f-82fb-6fd9f86a5178
                © 2005
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