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      An Outline of Evolution of the Hymenopterous Insects (Order Vespida)

      Oriental Insects
      Informa UK Limited

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          The phylogenetic relationships and natural classificition of the Vespoidea (Hymenptera)

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            SOME PRO- AND MESOTHORACIC STRUCTURES IMPORTANT FOR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF HYMENOPTERA, WITH A REVIEW OF TERMS USED FOR THE STRUCTURES

            The character-state distribution of various external and internal pro- and mesothoracic structures of Hymenoptera is described. Structures discussed are the transscutal articulation, axillae, notauli, median mesoscutal sulcus, parapsidal lines, pronotal lobe, postspiracular sclerite, prepectus, netrion, epicnemium, basalare, pronotal-mesothor-acic attachment mechanism, and 2 mesothoracic muscles,viz.mesotrochanteral depressor and second-phragmal flexor. Ancestral state and transformation of the characters are hypothesized, and shared derived states of higher taxa are determined. Hypotheses of synapomorphy are based on the shared derived states, and these hypotheses used to test previous hypotheses of relationship and classification. Relationships of Symphyta to Apocrita and of Aculeata to Terebrantes are discussed, and various aspects of classification of Symphyta and Terebrantes are examined. Finally, prior use of terms is reviewed for the thoracic structures studied. A single set of terms is selected for use throughout the order based on original use of each term and on hypotheses of homology.
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              EVIDENCE FOR MONOPHYLY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF CHALCIDOIDEA, MYMARIDAE, AND MYMAROMMATIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: TEREBRANTES)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Oriental Insects
                Oriental Insects
                Informa UK Limited
                0030-5316
                2157-8745
                February 17 2017
                February 17 2017
                : 22
                : 1
                : 115-145
                Article
                10.1080/00305316.1988.11835485
                ceb87544-9ffa-4c32-b668-531eb81b96e8
                © 2017
                History

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