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      Uso de la orina humana como fertilizante en la producción de lechuga Waldmann green (Lactuca sativa L.) Translated title: Use human urine as fertilizer in producing lettuce Waldmann green (Lactuca sativa L.)

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          Abstract

          El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta del cultivo de lechuga, variedad Waldmann Green, a la aplicación de la orina humana fermentada (OHF) en diferentes tiempos. La orina se obtuvo a partir de los baños ecológicos del distrito 7 del municipio de El Alto. Estos exudados, se llevó a la fermentación durante diferentes tiempos: 3, 6 y 12 meses, con la finalidad de eliminar los posibles patógenos presentes. Los tratamientos aplicados fueron: T-1: sin orina, T-2: tres meses de fermentación: T-3: seis meses de fermentación y T-4: doce meses de fermentación. El valor obtenido de 14.75 cm de altura de planta, corresponde al tratamiento T-3, el testigo 17.71 cm. En el T3, se obtuvo un rendimiento de 5.52 kg m-2. Este resultado podría deberse a la alta concentración de nitrógeno que tiene la orina humana y el testigo presentó un rendimiento de 3.04 kg m-2. Así mismo, se realizó el análisis bromatológico del producto para evidenciar la presencia de posibles patógenos, los resultados no presentan presencia de patógenos como la Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.

          Translated abstract

          The objective was to evaluate the response of growing lettuce, variety Waldmann Green, to the application of fermented human urine (HUF) at different times. Urine was obtained from ecological toilets in the 7th district of El Alto municipal- ity. These exudates, fermentation took during different times: 3, 6 and 12 months, in order to eliminate the possible presence of pathogens. The treatments were T-1, with no urine, T-2, three months of fermentation, T-3 six months of fermentations and T-4 twelve months of fermentation. The highest value obtained was 14.75 cm plant height, which corresponds to T-3 treatment and the control (T-1) reached 17.71 cm, plant height. The T-3 applied with six months of obtained a performance of 5.52 kg m-2. This result could be due to the high concentration of nitrogen that has human urine and the witness presented a performance of 3.04 kg m-2. Likewise, we realize product compositional analysis to evaluate the presence of potential pathogens and according to the results did not present infestation of pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. It is therefore suitable for human consumption without presenting health risk.

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          Most cited references43

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          Pure human urine is a good fertiliser for cucumbers.

          Human urine obtained from separating toilets was tested as a fertiliser for cultivation of outdoor cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a Nordic climate. The urine used contained high amounts of nitrogen with some phosphorus and potassium, but numbers of enteric microorganisms were low even though urine had not been preserved before sampling. The cucumber yield after urine fertilisation was similar or slightly better than the yield obtained from control rows fertilised with commercial mineral fertiliser. None of the cucumbers contained any enteric microorganisms (coliforms, enterococci, coliphages and clostridia). In the taste assessment, 11 out of 20 persons could recognise which cucumber of three cucumbers was different but they did not prefer one over the other cucumber samples, since all of them were assessed as equally good.
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            Use of Human Urine Fertilizer in Cultivation of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)––Impacts on Chemical, Microbial, and Flavor Quality

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              Combining urine separation with waste design: an analysis using a stochastic model for urine production

              This paper explores the stochastic properties of human urine production in order to assess the potential of combining urine separation with waste design. The aim is to provide specific information about the dynamics of urine production at a microscopic level for the design and the control of the urine waste stream. Based on measured data a stochastic model is developed that is capable of providing stochastic information on the frequency, timing, and volume of urine releases into each single toilet in a catchment. It is then demonstrated in a virtual case study that the design of the human wastewater stream in terms of urine content can (1) reduce the ammonia peak loads at dry weather flow conditions by approx. 30% (which could effectively substitute the expansion of wastewater treatment plants) and (2) reduce the impact of combined sewer overflows on the aquatic environment. With respect to the latter a reduction of more than 50% is demonstrated in terms of annual urine volume released via the overflow.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jsab
                Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere
                J. Selva Andina Biosph.
                Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere.; Fundación Selva Andina Research Society.; Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bioquímica & Microbiología. (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2308-3859
                2015
                : 3
                : 1
                : 24-38
                Affiliations
                [01] La Paz orgnameUniversidad Pública de El Alto (UPEA) orgdiv1Ingeniería Agronómica orgdiv2Instituto de Investigación y Extensión Agrícola Bolivia virginiamamani49@ 123456yahoo.es
                [02] La Paz orgnameUniversidad Pública de El Alto (UPEA) orgdiv1Ingeniería Agronómica Bolivia
                [04] La Paz orgnameUniversidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo-UCB orgdiv1Unidad Académica Campesina Carmen Pampa-UAC-CP orgdiv2Ingeniería Agronómica Bolivia boliviamanloza@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S2308-38592015000100004
                cef09f8b-429a-4fd1-9b66-4f860770f8eb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : January 2014
                : April 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Waldman Green,orina humana fermentada,Escherichia coli,Salmonella spp.,fermented human urine

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