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      From Obtaining to Degradation of PHB: Material Properties. Part I Translated title: De la obtención a la degradación de PHB: Propiedades del material. Parte I

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          Abstract

          Abstract This paper presents a review of the chemical, physical and morphological characteristics, as well as the existing applications and mechanisms for the production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate). This biopolymer, which is obtained from renewable sources, degrades when exposed in biologically active environments and is biocompatible, that is, it is not rejected by the human body in health applications. However, in spite of presenting similar properties with some conventional plastics, the PHB exhibits fragile behavior and thermal instability when processed. The literature proposes the use of blends, the development of copolymers or the insertion of additives in an attempt to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of PHB.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Este artículo presenta una revisión de las características químicas, físicas y morfológicas, así como las aplicaciones y mecanismos existentes para la producción de poli(3-hidroxibutirato). Este biopolímero, que se obtiene a partir de fuentes renovables, se degrada cuando se expone en ambientes biológicamente activos y es biocompatible, es decir, no es rechazado por el cuerpo humano en aplicaciones de salud. Sin embargo, a pesar de pre- sentar propiedades similares con algunos plásticos convencionales, el PHB exhibe comportamiento frágil e inestabilidad térmica cuando se procesa. La literatura propone el uso de mezclas, el desarrollo de copolímeros o la inserción de aditivos en un intento por mejorar las propiedades mecánicas y térmicas del PHB.

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          Polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview

          Polyhydroxyalkanoates have gained major importance due to their structural diversity and close analogy to plastics. These are gaining more and more importance world over. Different sources (natural isolates, recombinant bacteria, plants) and other methods are being investigated to exert more control over the quality, quantity and economics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production. Their biodegradability makes them extremely desirable substitutes for synthetic plastics. The PHB biosynthetic genes phbA, phbB and phbC are clustered and organized in one phbCAB operon. The PHB pathway is highly divergent in the bacterial genera with regard to orientation and clustering of genes involved. Inspite of this the enzymes display a high degree of sequence conservation. But how similar are the mechanisms of regulation of these divergent operons is as yet unknown. Structural studies will further improve our understanding of the mechanism of action of these enzymes and aid us in improving and selecting better candidates for increased production. Metabolic engineering thereafter promises to bring a feasible solution for the production of "green plastic".
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            Crystallization and morphology of a bacterial thermoplastic: poly-3-hydroxybutyrate

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              Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate.

              Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) comprise a large class of polyesters that are synthesized by many bacteria as an intracellular carbon and energy compound. Analysis of isolated PHAs reveal interesting properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Research was focused only recently on the application of PHA in implants, scaffolds in tissue engineering, or as drug carriers. Such applications require that PHA be produced at a constant and reproducible quality. To date this can be achieved best through bacterial production in continuous culture where growth conditions are kept constant (chemostat). Recently, it was found that PHA producing bacteria are able to grow simultaneously limited by carbon and nitrogen substrates. Thus, it became possible to produce PHA at high yields on toxic substrate and also control its composition accurately (tailor-made synthesis). Finally, applications of PHA in medicine are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ince
                Ingeniería y Ciencia
                ing.cienc.
                Escuela de Ciencias y Humanidades y Escuela de Ingeniería de la Universidad EAFIT (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                1794-9165
                December 2017
                : 13
                : 26
                : 269-298
                Affiliations
                [1] Joinville orgnameCentro Universitario Sociesc - UNISOCIESC Brazil antonio.santos@ 123456sociesc.com.br
                [4] Joinville orgnameCentro Universitario Sociesc - UNISOCIESC Brazil marcia.duarte@ 123456sociesc.com.br
                [3] Joinville orgnameCentro Universitario Sociesc - UNISOCIESC Brazil a13_ahs@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2] Joinville Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Brazil luiz.valentina@ 123456udesc.br
                Article
                S1794-91652017000200269
                10.17230/ingciencia.13.26.10
                cf537f01-ea24-4230-a235-e822cc951c86

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 March 2017
                : 08 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 93, Pages: 30
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                Biopolímeros,degradación de PHB,polihidroxialcanoa- to (PHA),polihidroxibutirato (PHB).,Biopolymers,polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA),Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)

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