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      Pressure dependent analysis in premise plumbing system modeling

      1 , 2 , 1 , 3
      AWWA Water Science
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          Modeling premise plumbing systems requires accurate treatment of fixture‐specific pressure and flow rate relationships. Each fixture in a building may experience different flow rates based on variable service pressure, its unique pressure‐flow behavior, and demands throughout the building. Unique experimentally derived pressure‐flow parameters for four faucets, a shower/tub fixture, and toilet were developed. The Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) was also used to explore the impact of premise plumbing systems on water distribution systems through two simple skeletonization cases. Minimum pressures for nodes in water distribution system models that represent demand aggregated premise plumbing systems will likely be non‐zero and must capture additional pressure drop or elevation differences at the building scale and associated components, such as water meters or backflow preventers. Results showed that flow rates are impacted by pressure in these systems in complex ways, and usage and system characteristics must be considered to be modeled accurately.

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          Most cited references14

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          Water Distribution Reliability: Simulation Methods

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            A software framework for assessing the resilience of drinking water systems to disasters with an example earthquake case study

            Water utilities are vulnerable to a wide variety of human-caused and natural disasters. The Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) is a new open source Python™ package designed to help water utilities investigate resilience of water distribution systems to hazards and evaluate resilience-enhancing actions. In this paper, the WNTR modeling framework is presented and a case study is described that uses WNTR to simulate the effects of an earthquake on a water distribution system. The case study illustrates that the severity of damage is not only a function of system integrity and earthquake magnitude, but also of the available resources and repair strategies used to return the system to normal operating conditions. While earthquakes are particularly concerning since buried water distribution pipelines are highly susceptible to damage, the software framework can be applied to other types of hazards, including power outages and contamination incidents.
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              The impact of sampling approach and daily water usage on lead levels measured at the tap

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                AWWA Water Science
                AWWA Water Science
                Wiley
                2577-8161
                2577-8161
                May 2023
                June 02 2023
                May 2023
                : 5
                : 3
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Office of Research and Development US Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati Ohio USA
                [2 ] Oak Ridge Associated Universities Cincinnati Ohio USA
                [3 ] Office of Water US Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati Ohio USA
                Article
                10.1002/aws2.1344
                cf592d09-cad2-40c9-a6b1-30a315278472
                © 2023

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                History

                Earth & Environmental sciences,Oceanography & Hydrology,Chemistry,Engineering,Civil engineering,Environmental engineering

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