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      Psychoneuroimmunology in pregnancy: immune pathways linking stress with maternal health, adverse birth outcomes, and fetal development.

      Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
      Animals, Female, Fetal Development, immunology, Humans, Immune System, physiopathology, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Male, Maternal Welfare, Pregnancy, Psychoneuroimmunology, Stress, Psychological

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          Abstract

          It is well-established that psychological stress promotes immune dysregulation in nonpregnant humans and animals. Stress promotes inflammation, impairs antibody responses to vaccination, slows wound healing, and suppresses cell-mediated immune function. Importantly, the immune system changes substantially to support healthy pregnancy, with attenuation of inflammatory responses and impairment of cell-mediated immunity. This adaptation is postulated to protect the fetus from rejection by the maternal immune system. Thus, stress-induced immune dysregulation during pregnancy has unique implications for both maternal and fetal health, particularly preterm birth. However, very limited research has examined stress-immune relationships in pregnancy. The application of psychoneuroimmunology research models to the perinatal period holds great promise for elucidating biological pathways by which stress may affect adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal health, and fetal development. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          21787802
          3203997
          10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.005

          Chemistry
          Animals,Female,Fetal Development,immunology,Humans,Immune System,physiopathology,Infant, Newborn,Infant, Premature, Diseases,Male,Maternal Welfare,Pregnancy,Psychoneuroimmunology,Stress, Psychological

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