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      First inventory of benthic mollusks associated with the reef ecosystems of Morro de São Paulo on Tinharé Island in northeastern Brazil Translated title: Primeiro inventário de moluscos bentônicos associados aos ecossistemas recifais do Morro de São Paulo na Ilha Tinharé, nordeste do Brasil

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          Abstract

          Abstract: The reef ecosystems of Morro de São Paulo are located in the Tinharé-Boipeba Environmental Preservation Area which was established in 1992 in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Despite this area has been created more than two decades ago, no study has provided knowledge on the invertebrate biodiversity associated with such reef ecosystems. The present investigation provides the first inventory of benthic mollusks associated with the reef ecosystems of Morro de São Paulo based on the collection of living specimens and fresh empty as well as some worn shells. Mollusks were sampled in January 2015 and August 2016 through intensive searches from the intertidal to shallow subtidal habitats of the reefs on three beaches of Morro de São Paulo. Taxonomic richness and biodiversity indices were analyzed. This rapid assessment of the malacofauna resulted in the determination of 84 species belonging to 44 families of gastropods as well as 13 species belonging to eight families of bivalves and one chiton (total: 98 species). Species richness was numerically dominated by members of the subclass Caenogastropoda. The families with the largest number of species were Ranellidae (5), Muricidae (6) and Marginellidae (7). Conus regius, Cypraecassis testiculus, Lobatus goliath, Strombus pugilis, Tonna galea, Turbinella laevigata and Vasum cassiforme are extremely vulnerable macrospecies in the region due to their commercial importance. Comparisons of the malacofauna composition between the study site and Abrolhos Bank were made from data published for this region. ACE and CHAO 1 estimated 133 mollusk species for the region. Despite the rapid assessment, the number of species discovered in the study area approached 73.6% of the estimated total number. The considerable number of mollusk species found in a relatively small area with insufficient sampling underscores the importance of the reef ecosystems of Morro de São Paulo as a one priority area for conservation on the coast of the state of Bahia, Brazil, for which the species richness of other invertebrate groups is virtually unknown.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Os ecossistemas recifais do Morro de São Paulo estão na área de proteção ambiental Tinharé-Boipeba, a qual foi estabelecida em 1992 no estado da Bahia, Brasil. Apesar desta área ter sido criada há mais de duas décadas, nenhum estudo foi realizado sobre a biodiversidade de invertebrados associados a tais ecossistemas recifais. Este trabalho representa o primeiro inventário de moluscos bentônicos associados aos ecossistemas recifais do Morro de São Paulo com base na coleta de indivíduos vivos e conchas com superfície íntegra e desgastada. Moluscos foram amostrados em janeiro de 2015 e agosto de 2016 através de busca ativa em habitats das regiões entremarés e sublitoral dos ecossistemas recifais nas três praias do Morro de São Paulo. A riqueza taxonômica e índices de biodiversidade foram analisados. O inventário da malacofauna resultou na identificação de 84 espécies pertencentes a 44 famílias de gastrópodes bem como 13 espécies pertencentes a oito famílias de bivalves e um quiton (total: 98 species). A riqueza de espécies foi numericamente dominada por membros da subclasse Caenogastropoda. As famílias com o maior número de espécies foram Ranellidae (5), Muricidae (6) and Marginellidae (7). Conus regius, Cypraecassis testiculus, Lobatus goliath, Strombus pugilis, Tonna galea, Turbinella laevigata e Vasum cassiforme são macroespécies extremamente vulneráveis na região devido a sua importância comercial. A composição malacofaunística da área estudada foi comparada com a do Arquipélago de Abrolhos. ACE e CHAO 1 estimaram 133 espécies de moluscos para a região. Apesar do rápido levantamento, o número de espécies descobertas na área em questão se aproximou em 73.6% do número total estimado. O considerável número de espécies de moluscos encontradas em uma área relativamente pequena com insuficiente esforço amostral ressalta a importância dos ecossistemas recifais do Morro de São Paulo como uma área prioritária para conservação na costa do estado da Bahia, Brasil, na qual a riqueza de outros grupos de invertebrados é virtualmente desconhecida.

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          Assessing the magnitude of species richness in tropical marine environments: exceptionally high numbers of molluscs at a New Caledonia site

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            Brazilian coral reefs in a period of global change: A synthesis

            Abstract Brazilian coral reefs form structures significantly different from the well-known reef models, as follows: (i) they have a growth form of mushroom-shaped coral pinnacles called "chapeirões", (ii) they are built by a low diversity coral fauna rich in endemic species, most of them relic forms dating back to the Tertiary, and (iii) the nearshore bank reefs are surrounded by siliciclastic sediments. The reefs are distributed in the following four major sectors along the Brazilian coast: the northern, the northeastern and the eastern regions, and the oceanic islands, but certain isolated coral species can be found in warmer waters in embayments of the southern region. There are different types of bank reefs, fringing reefs, isolated "chapeirões" and an atoll present along the Brazilian coast. Corals, milleporids and coralline algae build the rigid frame of the reefs. The areas in which the major coral reefs occur correspond to regions in which nearby urban centers are experiencing accelerated growth, and tourism development is rapidly increasing. The major human effects on the reef ecosystem are mostly associated with the increased sedimentation due to the removal of the Atlantic rainforest and the discharge of industrial and urban effluents. The effects of the warming of oceanic waters that had previously affected several reef areas with high intensity coral bleaching had not shown, by the time of the 2010 event, any episodes of mass coral mortality on Brazilian reefs.
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              The structure of the benthic macrofaunal assemblages and sediments characteristics of the Paraguaçu estuarine system, NE, Brazil

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Journal
                bn
                Biota Neotropica
                Biota Neotrop.
                Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                1676-0611
                2019
                : 19
                : 4
                : e20190745
                Affiliations
                [8] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Instituto de Biologia orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Brazil
                [1] Cajazeiras Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande orgdiv1Centro de Formação de Professores orgdiv2Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Brazil
                [5] João Pessoa Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal da Paraíba orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza orgdiv2Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Laboratório de Invertebrados Paulo Young Brazil
                [3] Areia Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal da Paraíba orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agrárias orgdiv2Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Brazil
                [4] Salvador BA orgnamePesquisador autônomo Brasil
                [7] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Departamento de Zoologia orgdiv2Laboratório de estudos de Cnidaria e Bryozoa Brazil
                [2] João Pessoa Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal da Paraíba orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza orgdiv2Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) Brazil
                [6] São Cristóvão Sergipe orgnameUniversidade Federal de Sergipe orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde orgdiv2Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Bentos Costeiro Brazil
                Article
                S1676-06032019000400312
                10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0745
                cfa6c40b-9e0e-4ad8-b094-e85dc5ebb6a6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2019
                : 19 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Inventory

                Bivalvia,Polyplacophora,Diversidade alfa,composição malacofaunística,malacofaunal composition,Gastropoda,Alpha diversity

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