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      DISTRIBUTION, PHYLOGENY, AND GROWTH OF COLD-ADAPTED PICOPRASINOPHYTES IN ARCTIC SEAS

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          Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map.

          We review the biogeography of microorganisms in light of the biogeography of macroorganisms. A large body of research supports the idea that free-living microbial taxa exhibit biogeographic patterns. Current evidence confirms that, as proposed by the Baas-Becking hypothesis, 'the environment selects' and is, in part, responsible for spatial variation in microbial diversity. However, recent studies also dispute the idea that 'everything is everywhere'. We also consider how the processes that generate and maintain biogeographic patterns in macroorganisms could operate in the microbial world.
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            Niche partitioning among Prochlorococcus ecotypes along ocean-scale environmental gradients.

            Prochlorococcus is the numerically dominant phytoplankter in the oligotrophic oceans, accounting for up to half of the photosynthetic biomass and production in some regions. Here, we describe how the abundance of six known ecotypes, which have small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences that differ by less than 3%, changed along local and basin-wide environmental gradients in the Atlantic Ocean. Temperature was significantly correlated with shifts in ecotype abundance, and laboratory experiments confirmed different temperature optima and tolerance ranges for cultured strains. Light, nutrients, and competitor abundances also appeared to play a role in shaping different distributions.
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              The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions.

              Polymerase chain reaction conditions were established for the in vitro amplification of eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal (16S-like) rRNA genes. Coding regions from algae, fungi, and protozoa were amplified from nanogram quantities of genomic DNA or recombinant plasmids containing rDNA genes. Oligodeoxynucleotides that are complementary to conserved regions at the 5' and 3' termini of eukaryotic 16S-like rRNAs were used to prime DNA synthesis in repetitive cycles of denaturation, reannealing, and DNA synthesis. The fidelity of synthesis for the amplification products was evaluated by comparisons with sequences of previously reported rRNA genes or with primer extension analyses of rRNAs. Fewer than one error per 2000 positions were observed in the amplified rRNA coding region sequences. The primary structure of the 16S-like rRNA from the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, was inferred from the sequence of its in vitro amplified coding region.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JPY
                Journal of Phycology
                Wiley-Blackwell
                00223646
                15298817
                February 2007
                February 2007
                : 43
                : 1
                : 78-89
                Article
                10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00310.x
                cfa9e3c2-fd69-4a91-9985-790e8fd801c4
                © 2007

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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