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      Inteligencia fluida y cristalizada en el autismo de alto funcionamiento y el síndrome de Asperger Translated title: Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence in High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome Translated title: Inteligência fluida e cristalizada no autismo de alto funcionamento e a síndrome de Asperger

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          Abstract

          La inteligencia en los trastornos del espectro autista, especialmente en el autismo de alto funcionamiento y el síndrome de Asperger, ha sido tema de numerosas investigaciones que pretenden establecer la capacidad intelectual que se observa en estos sujetos. Algunos de los resultados más sobresalientes señalan que la inteligencia fluida es uno de los aspectos de desempeño superior en esta población, en comparación con el desempeño en las pruebas que miden inteligencia cristalizada como la escala Wechsler, razón por la cual los estudios sobre inteligencia deberían utilizar instrumentos que midan el razonamiento abstracto y la capacidad analógica, funciones estrechamente relacionadas con la inteligencia fluida, como lo es el test de matrices progresivas de Raven. En la presente investigación se evaluaron 12 niños con autismo de alto funcionamiento y 6 con síndrome de Asperger, a través de la escala de Wechsler IV y el test de Raven. Los resultados arrojaron que no existen diferencias significativas entre ambas medidas de inteligencia. No obstante, sí se encontró que existen diferencias en el perfil intelectual de ambos grupos y que el síndrome de Asperger parece tener un nivel intelectual superior, en comparación con el autismo de alto funcionamiento.

          Translated abstract

          Intelligence in autistic spectrum disorders, especially high functioning autism and Asperger’s syndrome has been the subject of numerous investigations that seek to establish intellectual ability observed in these subjects. Some of the most outstanding results indicate that fluid intelligence is one of the aspects of superior performance in this population compared to tests that measure crystallized intelligence such as the Wechsler scales, providing a reason for using in intelligence studies instruments that measure abstract reasoning and the analogical capacity, closely related to fluid intelligence function, one of this like the Raven progressive matrices. In the present research we evaluated 12 children with high functioning Autism and 6 with Asperger's syndrome through the WISC-IV and the Raven test. The results showed there are no significant differences between both measures of intelligence. However, we found that there are differences in the intellectual profile of both groups and that Asperger's syndrome appears to have a better intellectual level compared with high functioning Autism.

          Translated abstract

          A inteligência nos transtornos do espectro autista, especialmente no autismo de alto funcionamento e a síndrome de Asperger, tem sido tema de numerosas pesquisas que pretendam estabelecer a capacidade intelectual que se observa nestes sujeitos. Alguns dos resultados mais sobressalientes assinalam que a inteligência fluida é um dos aspectos de desempenho superior nesta população, em comparação com o desempenho nas provas que medem inteligência cristalizada como as escalas Wechsler, razão pela qual os estudos sobre inteligência deveriam utilizar instrumentos que meçam o razoamento abstrato e a capacidade analógica, funções estreitamente relacionadas com a inteligência fluida, como é o teste de matrizes progressivas de Raven. Na presente pesquisa avaliaram-se 12 crianças com autismo de alto funcionamento e 6 com síndrome de Asperger, através do WISC-IV e o teste de Raven. Os resultados mostraram que não existem diferenças significativas entre ambas as medidas de inteligência. Não obstante, sim encontrou-se que existem diferenças no perfil intelectual de ambos os grupos e que a síndrome de Asperger parece ter um nível intelectual superior, em comparação com o autismo de alto funcionamento.

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          Most cited references68

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          Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology

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            Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!

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              Autism: cognitive deficit or cognitive style?

              Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social and communicative development, and restricted interests and activities. This article will argue that we can discover more about developmental disorders such as autism through demonstrations of task success than through examples of task failure. Even in exploring and explaining what people with autism find difficult, such as social interaction, demonstration of competence on contrasting tasks has been crucial to defining the nature of the specific deficit. Deficit accounts of autism cannot explain, however, the assets seen in this disorder; for example, savant skills in maths, music and drawing, and islets of ability in visuospatial tests and rote memory. An alternative account, reviewed here, suggests that autism is characterized by a cognitive style biased towards local rather than global information processing - termed 'weak central coherence'. Evidence that weak coherence might also characterize the relatives of people with autism, and form part of the extended phenotype of this largely genetic disorder, is discussed. This review concludes by considering some outstanding questions concerning the specific cognitive mechanism for coherence and the neural basis of individual differences in this aspect of information processing.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                apl
                Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana
                Av. Psicol. Latinoam.
                Universidad del Rosario (Bogotá )
                1794-4724
                May 2015
                : 33
                : 2
                : 347-366
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Colombia
                Article
                S1794-47242015000200012
                10.12804/apl33.02.2015.12
                cfc06c19-e9a0-46c0-afbe-34e69e543536

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1794-4724&lng=en
                Categories
                PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Raven,autism,Asperger's syndrome,intelligence,WISC,autismo,síndrome de Asperger,inteligência,inteligencia

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