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      MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability

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          Abstract

          We report a major update of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. This version has several new features, including options for adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment, adjustment of direction in nucleotide alignment, constrained alignment and parallel processing, which were implemented after the previous major update. This report shows actual examples to explain how these features work, alone and in combination. Some examples incorrectly aligned by MAFFT are also shown to clarify its limitations. We discuss how to avoid misalignments, and our ongoing efforts to overcome such limitations.

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          Amino acid substitution matrices from protein blocks.

          S Henikoff, J. Henikoff (1992)
          Methods for alignment of protein sequences typically measure similarity by using a substitution matrix with scores for all possible exchanges of one amino acid with another. The most widely used matrices are based on the Dayhoff model of evolutionary rates. Using a different approach, we have derived substitution matrices from about 2000 blocks of aligned sequence segments characterizing more than 500 groups of related proteins. This led to marked improvements in alignments and in searches using queries from each of the groups.
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            Multiple alignment of DNA sequences with MAFFT.

            Kazutaka Katoh, George Asimenos, Hiroyuki Toh (2009)
            Multiple alignment of DNA sequences is an important step in various molecular biological analyses. As a large amount of sequence data is becoming available through genome and other large-scale sequencing projects, scalability, as well as accuracy, is currently required for a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) program. In this chapter, we outline the algorithms of an MSA program MAFFT and provide practical advice, focusing on several typical situations a biologist sometimes faces. For genome alignment, which is beyond the scope of MAFFT, we introduce two tools: TBA and MAUVE.
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              PROSITE, a protein domain database for functional characterization and annotation

              Christian J A Sigrist, Lorenzo Cerutti, Edouard de Castro … (2010)
              PROSITE consists of documentation entries describing protein domains, families and functional sites, as well as associated patterns and profiles to identify them. It is complemented by ProRule, a collection of rules based on profiles and patterns, which increases the discriminatory power of these profiles and patterns by providing additional information about functionally and/or structurally critical amino acids. PROSITE is largely used for the annotation of domain features of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries. Among the 983 (DNA-binding) domains, repeats and zinc fingers present in Swiss-Prot (release 57.8 of 22 September 2009), 696 (∼70%) are annotated with PROSITE descriptors using information from ProRule. In order to allow better functional characterization of domains, PROSITE developments focus on subfamily specific profiles and a new profile building method giving more weight to functionally important residues. Here, we describe AMSA, an annotated multiple sequence alignment format used to build a new generation of generalized profiles, the migration of ScanProsite to Vital-IT, a cluster of 633 CPUs, and the adoption of the Distributed Annotation System (DAS) to facilitate PROSITE data integration and interchange with other sources. The latest version of PROSITE (release 20.54, of 22 September 2009) contains 1308 patterns, 863 profiles and 869 ProRules. PROSITE is accessible at: http://www.expasy.org/prosite/.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mol Biol Evol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mol. Biol. Evol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molbev
                Journal ID (hwp): molbiolevol
                Title: Molecular Biology and Evolution
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 0737-4038
                ISSN (Electronic): 1537-1719
                Publication date (Print): April 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 January 2013
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 January 2013
                Volume: 30
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 772-780
                Affiliations
                1Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
                2Computational Biology Research Center, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
                Author notes
                *Corresponding author: E-mail: kazutaka.katoh@ 123456aist.go.jp .

                Associate editor: Sudhir Kumar

                Article
                Publisher ID: mst010
                DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst010
                PMC ID: 3603318
                PubMed ID: 23329690
                SO-VID: d00ded02-1df1-4526-ba21-425067486d34
                Copyright © © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Fast Tracks

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: multiple sequence alignment,metagemone,protein structure,progressive alignment,parallel processing
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: multiple sequence alignment, metagemone, protein structure, progressive alignment, parallel processing

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