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      Degradation of phage transcripts by CRISPR-associated RNases enables type III CRISPR-Cas immunity

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      Cell

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          SUMMARY

          Type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes against viral infection using CRISPR RNA (crRNA)-guided nucleases that perform co-transcriptional cleavage of the viral target DNA and its transcripts. Whereas DNA cleavage is essential for immunity, the function of RNA targeting is unknown. Here we show that transcription-dependent targeting results in a sharp increase of viral genomes in the host cell when the target is located in a late-expressed phage gene. In this targeting condition, mutations in the active sites of the type III-A RNases Csm3 and Csm6 lead to the accumulation of the target phage mRNA and abrogate immunity. Csm6 is also required to provide defense in the presence of mutated phage targets, when DNA cleavage efficiency is reduced. Our results show that the degradation of phage transcripts by CRISPR-associated RNases ensures robust immunity in situations that lead to a slow clearance of the target DNA.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          0413066
          2830
          Cell
          Cell
          Cell
          0092-8674
          1097-4172
          6 February 2016
          04 February 2016
          11 February 2016
          11 February 2017
          : 164
          : 4
          : 710-721
          Affiliations
          Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
          Article
          PMC4752873 PMC4752873 4752873 nihpa757597
          10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.053
          4752873
          26853474
          d010a377-0454-4bd7-8d96-6753c46523fe
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