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      Ecologia dos flebotomíneos da Serra do Mar, Itaguaí, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. I - A fauna flebotomínica e prevalência pelo local e tipo de captura (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) Translated title: Ecology of sandflies in Serra do Mar, Itaguaí, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I - Sandfly fauna and prevalence of the species in collections sites and method of capture (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)

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          Abstract

          Durante dois anos foi feito um estudo ecológico sobre os flebotomíneos em foco de leishmaniose cutânea em Itaguaí, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As capturas (isca humana, paredes e armadilha luminosa) foram efetuadas, simultaneamente, em três sítios de coleta: domicílio, peridomicílio e floresta. Foram capturados 10.172 flebotomíneos, de 17 espécies, sendo 3 do gênero Brumptomyia e 14 do gênero Lutzomyia. A espécie mais prevalente a 100m do nível do mar é L. intermedia, seguida de longe por L. migonei e L. fischeri. A espécie mais endófila e que apresenta um certo ecletismo quanto ao local de hematofagia é L. fischeri, enquanto L. intermedia e L. migonei provaram ser mais exofílicas. L. intermedia pode ser incriminada como o principal vetor potencial do agente de leishmaniose tegumentar, pela sua prevalência, antropofilia e por ser comprovada a veiculação da Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis em outras áreas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. L. fischeri, pela avidez com que pica o homem, pode ser um coadjuvante na transmissão do parasita. Sua predominância na floresta sugere participação da transmissão em seu ciclo enzoótico natural. A presença de L. longipalpis é um risco potencial de veiculação do agente etiológico da leishmaniose visceral nessa região, particularmente pela baixa imunidade da população local.

          Translated abstract

          A two-year investigation was conducted in Itaguai, State of Rio de Janeiro, an area with cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in order to study the ecology of sandflies and their habits and role as parasitic vector for men and animals. Capturing took place at three sites: domiciliary (human bait, walls, and light traps); peridomiciliary (walls, from baits used simultaneously: humans, dogs, and chickens; and light traps); and sylvatic (human bait and light traps). A total of 10,172 sandflies were captured, belonging to 17 species of genuses Brumptomyia França & Parrot, 1921 and Lutzomyia França, 1924. L. intermedia was predominant, 100 m above sea level, as compared to L. migonei and L. fischeri. In a drier area 300 m above sea level L. migonei was prevalent, followed by L. longipalpis and L. fischeri. The species which presented the greatest endophily was L. fischeri, showing a certain degree of eclecticism regarding the biting site. L. intermedia and L. migonei proved to be more exophilic. L. intermedia was considered to be potentially the main transmitter of the disease because of its prevalence, anthropophily, and the fact it is known to be a vector of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis in other areas of the Southeastern region of Brazil. L. fischeri, because of its anthropophily, might also be involved.

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          Tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases in Brazil: emerging anthropozoonosis and possibilities for their control

          The existence of a number of different species of Leishmania, the persistent increase in the infection rate of diseases caused by this parasite (tegumentary and visceral forms), the different epidemiological situations found in regions of both recent and older colonization, and the trend towards urbanization have led to the adoption of different strategies to control leishmaniases in Brazil. The control measures involve studies related to the parasite, vectors, sources of infection (animal and human), clinical aspects, geographical distribution, historical and socioeconomic factors, integration of health services, and adequate technologies for diagnosis, treatment, and immunoprophylaxis. Finally, successful control requires work with human communities, involving education, provision of information, health promotion, and participation of these communities in the planning, development, and maintenance of control programs.
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            Epidemiology of dermal leishmaniasis in the Rio Doce Valley, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

            Dermal leishmaniasis is prevalent in the predominantly settled agricultural areas in the Rio Doce Valley in the eastern part of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The disease has been recorded almost equally in both sexes. Cases have been confirmed in all age groups but youths aged ten to 14 years form the population segment at greatest risk to infection. Cases of single cutaneous lesions, multiple cutaneous lesions and muco-cutaneous lesions have been recorded in the area. Isolates of parasites include representatives of the Leishmania mexicana and L. braziliensis complexes and at least one parasite that does not fit into either category. Infections have not been detected in small mammals (mainly rodents) but about 3% of dogs are infected. The phlebotomine fauna includes no species (or close relatives of species) previously incriminated as vectors of mexicana and braziliensis infections in Brazil. In the complex and confusing epidemiological situation in the Rio Doce Valley it seems unwise to apply traditional specific names to Leishmania of the area.
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              Um novo modelo de armadilha luminosa de sucção para pequenos insetos

              Para captura de pequenos insetos descrevemos uma armadilha que julgamos vantajosa, pela facilidade de obtanção de seu material de construção, por ser de baixo custo,portátil, resistente, utilizar pilhas e, sendo opaca, possibilitar uma maior concentração de luz sobre o orifício de entrada de insetos.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                June 1996
                : 12
                : 2
                : 195-206
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv2Departamento de Entomologia Brasil.
                Article
                S0102-311X1996000200008 S0102-311X(96)01200208
                d03b630a-0fd1-4402-b680-3fb4a72b4bc0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 12
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                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Cutaneous Leishmaniasis,Lutzomyia,Flebotomíneos,Epidemiologia,Ecologia,Leishmaniose Tegumentar,Sandflies,Epidemiology,Ecology

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