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      Trophic niche separation that facilitates co-existence of high and low microbial abundance sponges is revealed by in situ study of carbon and nitrogen fluxes : Trophic niche separation in Sponges

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      Limnology and Oceanography
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Opposing effects of competitive exclusion on the phylogenetic structure of communities.

          Though many processes are involved in determining which species coexist and assemble into communities, competition is among the best studied. One hypothesis about competition's contribution to community assembly is that more closely related species are less likely to coexist. Though empirical evidence for this hypothesis is mixed, it remains a common assumption in certain phylogenetic approaches for inferring the effects of environmental filtering and competitive exclusion. Here, we relate modern coexistence theory to phylogenetic community assembly approaches to refine expectations for how species relatedness influences the outcome of competition. We argue that two types of species differences determine competitive exclusion with opposing effects on relatedness patterns. Importantly, this means that competition can sometimes eliminate more different and less related taxa, even when the traits underlying the relevant species differences are phylogenetically conserved. Our argument leads to a reinterpretation of the assembly processes inferred from community phylogenetic structure.
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            Surviving in a marine desert: the sponge loop retains resources within coral reefs.

            Ever since Darwin's early descriptions of coral reefs, scientists have debated how one of the world's most productive and diverse ecosystems can thrive in the marine equivalent of a desert. It is an enigma how the flux of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the largest resource produced on reefs, is transferred to higher trophic levels. Here we show that sponges make DOM available to fauna by rapidly expelling filter cells as detritus that is subsequently consumed by reef fauna. This "sponge loop" was confirmed in aquarium and in situ food web experiments, using (13)C- and (15)N-enriched DOM. The DOM-sponge-fauna pathway explains why biological hot spots such as coral reefs persist in oligotrophic seas--the reef's paradox--and has implications for reef ecosystem functioning and conservation strategies.
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              Methods of Seawater Analysis

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Limnology and Oceanography
                Limnol. Oceanogr.
                Wiley-Blackwell
                00243590
                September 2017
                September 09 2017
                : 62
                : 5
                : 1963-1983
                Article
                10.1002/lno.10546
                d03c7c36-a073-4f18-9d21-dc1d062ce0ae
                © 2017

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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