Müller cell and neuronal remodeling in retinal detachment and reattachment and their potential consequences for visual recovery: a review and reconsideration of recent data
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Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the adult mammalian retina is far more plastic than
was previously thought. Retinal detachment induces changes beyond the degeneration
of outer segments (OS). Changes in photoreceptor synapses, second- and even third-order
neurons may all contribute to imperfect visual recovery that can occur after successful
reattachment. Changes that occur in Müller cells have obvious effects through subretinal
fibrosis and proliferative vitreoretinopathy, but other unidentified effects seem
likely as well. Reattachment of the retina induces its own set of responses aside
from OS re-growth. Reattachment halts the growth of Müller cell processes into the
subretinal space, but induces their growth on the vitreal surface. It also induces
the outgrowth of rod axons into the inner retina.