9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Anatomy of the Ophthalmic Artery: Embryological Consideration

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          There are considerable variations in the anatomy of the human ophthalmic artery (OphA), such as anomalous origins of the OphA and anastomoses between the OphA and the adjacent arteries. These anatomical variations seem to attribute to complex embryology of the OphA. In human embryos and fetuses, primitive dorsal and ventral ophthalmic arteries (PDOphA and PVOphA) form the ocular branches, and the supraorbital division of the stapedial artery forms the orbital branches of the OphA, and then numerous anastomoses between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the external carotid artery (ECA) systems emerge in connection with the OphA. These developmental processes can produce anatomical variations of the OphA, and we should notice these variations for neurosurgical and neurointerventional procedures.

          Related collections

          Most cited references50

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Endothelial cells and VEGF in vascular development.

          The intricate patterning processes that establish the complex vascular system during development depend on a combination of intrinsic pre-patterning and extrinsic responses to environmental parameters. Mutational studies in mice and fish have shown that the vascular system is highly sensitive to genetic disruption and have identified potential targets for therapeutic interventions. New insights into non-vascular roles of vascular endothelial growth factor and the requirement for endothelial cells in adult organs and stem-cell niches highlight possible side effects of anti-angiogenic therapy and the need for new targets.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Sensory nerves determine the pattern of arterial differentiation and blood vessel branching in the skin.

            Nerves and blood vessels are branched structures, but whether their branching patterns are established independently or coordinately is not clear. Here we show that arteries, but not veins, are specifically aligned with peripheral nerves in embryonic mouse limb skin. Mutations that eliminate peripheral sensory nerves or Schwann cells prevent proper arteriogenesis, while those that disorganize the nerves maintain the alignment of arteries with misrouted axons. In vitro, sensory neurons or Schwann cells can induce arterial marker expression in isolated embryonic endothelial cells, and VEGF(164/120) is necessary and sufficient to mediate this induction. These data suggest that peripheral nerves provide a template that determines the organotypic pattern of blood vessel branching and arterial differentiation in the skin, via local secretion of VEGF.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Dangerous extracranial-intracranial anastomoses and supply to the cranial nerves: vessels the neurointerventionalist needs to know.

              Transarterial embolization in the external carotid artery (ECA) territory has a major role in the endovascular management of epistaxis, skull base tumors, and dural arteriovenous fistulas. Knowledge of the potential anastomotic routes, identification of the cranial nerve supply from the ECA, and the proper choice of embolic material are crucial to help the interventionalist avoid neurologic complications during the procedure. Three regions along the skull base constitute potential anastomotic routes between the extracranial and intracranial arteries: the orbital, the petrocavernous, and the upper cervical regions. Branches of the internal maxillary artery have anastomoses with the ophthalmic artery and petrocavernous internal carotid artery (ICA), whereas the branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery are connected to the petrocavernous ICA. Branches of both the ascending pharyngeal artery and the occipital artery have anastomoses with the vertebral artery. To avoid cranial nerve palsy, one must have knowledge of the supply to the lower cranial nerves: The petrous branch of the middle meningeal artery and the stylomastoid branch of the posterior auricular artery form the facial arcade as the major supply to the facial nerve, and the neuromeningeal trunk of the ascending pharyngeal artery supplies the lower cranial nerves (CN IX-XII).
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)
                Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo)
                NMC
                Neurologia medico-chirurgica
                The Japan Neurosurgical Society
                0470-8105
                1349-8029
                October 2016
                08 June 2016
                : 56
                : 10
                : 585-591
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
                Author notes
                Address reprint requests to: Naoki Toma, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan. e-mail: toma0511@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                nmc-56-585
                10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0324
                5066078
                27298261
                d053c48f-ae5d-416e-9823-a5e08f42c304
                © 2016 The Japan Neurosurgical Society

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

                History
                : 06 December 2015
                : 22 April 2016
                Categories
                Review Article

                ophthalmic artery,anatomy,embryology,stapedial artery,primitive maxillary artery

                Comments

                Comment on this article