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      Multiscale Determinants Drive Parasitization of Drosophilidae by Hymenopteran Parasitoids in Agricultural Landscapes

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          Abstract

          (1) The management of agricultural landscapes for pest suppression requires a thorough understanding of multiple determinants controlling their presence. We investigated the ecological preferences of indigenous parasitoids and their drosophilid hosts to understand the role of native parasitoids as biological control agents of the invasive frugivorous Drosophila suzukii. (2) Using data from an extensive field survey across different habitat types we analyzed the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on parasitoid and drosophilid communities at multiscale levels. (3) Eight parasitoid and 27 drosophilid species were identified. Thirty-four percent variation in drosophilid communities was explained by factors at the landscape scale, and 52% of significant variation of parasitoids by local distribution of three drosophilid species, mainly collected in woodland. Parasitoid communities were significantly influenced by microhabitat type (ground versus canopy) rather than habitat type. All parasitoids except Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae preferred the ground microhabitat. All parasitoids, with the exception of Trichopria drosophilae and Spalangia erythromera, displayed significant preferences among the drosophilid species used in the baited traps. (4) Since they can tolerate a broad range of habitat factors, altogether pupal parasitoids investigated in this study could play a role in biological control programs to suppress D. suzukii, but non-target effects have to be regarded.

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          Invasion biology of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii): a global perspective and future priorities

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            Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition

            Significance Decades of research have fostered the now-prevalent assumption that noncrop habitat facilitates better pest suppression by providing shelter and food resources to the predators and parasitoids of crop pests. Based on our analysis of the largest pest-control database of its kind, noncrop habitat surrounding farm fields does affect multiple dimensions of pest control, but the actual responses of pests and enemies are highly variable across geographies and cropping systems. Because noncrop habitat often does not enhance biological control, more information about local farming contexts is needed before habitat conservation can be recommended as a viable pest-suppression strategy. Consequently, when pest control does not benefit from noncrop vegetation, farms will need to be carefully comanaged for competing conservation and production objectives.
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              Infestation of Wild and Ornamental Noncrop Fruits by Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Insects
                Insects
                insects
                Insects
                MDPI
                2075-4450
                30 May 2020
                June 2020
                : 11
                : 6
                : 334
                Affiliations
                [1 ]WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; michela.meier31@ 123456gmail.com (M.M.); felix.gugerli@ 123456wsl.ch (F.G.); marco.moretti@ 123456wsl.ch (M.M.)
                [2 ]Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61821, USA; corradoc@ 123456illinois.edu
                [3 ]Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale, Viale C. Cattaneo 4, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; lucia.pollini@ 123456ti.ch
                [4 ]Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; sarah.wolf@ 123456agroscope.admin.ch (S.W.); jana.collatz@ 123456agroscope.admin.ch (J.C.)
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-4097
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3878-1845
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-3198
                Article
                insects-11-00334
                10.3390/insects11060334
                7348750
                32486131
                d05fded4-33d6-423a-b167-1ebf2ee33341
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 01 May 2020
                : 28 May 2020
                Categories
                Article

                parasitoid community,environmental driver,drosophilid

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