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      Diversidad morfológica de fruto de una colección de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mediante fenotipado basado en imágenes digitales Translated title: Morphological diversity determination of the tomato fruit collection (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by phenotyping based on digital images

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          Abstract

          Resumen La caracterización del germoplasma es una forma eficaz para desentrañar la diversidad morfológica en caracteres vegetativos y de fruto. Este estudio fue realizado para determinar la diversidad en frutos de tomate (Solanum spp.) utilizando ocho descriptores convencionales (DC) y 47 descriptores del software Tomato Analyzer (TA), relacionados con la morfometría de los frutos. Se realizó el fenotipado de 50 accesiones seleccionados por la variación morfológica del Banco Nacional de Recursos Genéticos. Se detectó una variabilidad para las características de la fruta con DC y cuantificados por TA. La forma de la fruta fue el carácter principal utilizado para la agrupación visual de accesiones en diez agrupaciones varietales diferentes de forma: Circular (26 %), Achatada (20 %), Oboval (20 %), Piriforme (12 %), Elíptica (6 %), Cordada (6 %), Cilíndrica (4 %), Oblonga (2 %), Oval (2 %) y Aplanada (2 %) y de tamaño muy maqueño a grande. Se observó una variación significativa para el peso de fruto (3.75-217.44 g), diámetro ecuatorial (17.85-75.55 mm), diámetro polar (17.57-96.76 mm), perímetro (61.86-312.64 mm) y área (249.56-6367.57 mm). Los análisis de componentes principales contribuyeron a la variación total y los dos primeros explicaron el 30.02 % de la variación donde el índice de forma del fruto y la forma del extremo proximal/distal del fruto mostraron una alta contribución en la variación del primer componente. Hubo una fuerte correlación positiva entre la forma y el tamaño de la fruta, mientras que las correlaciones negativas fueron entre el índice de forma de la fruta, la excentricidad interna y la forma del extremo proximal. Los resultados han demostrado que los descriptores del software TA y los DC son una herramienta poderosa para la caracterización y clasificación de las variedades locales de tomate, así como para distinguir entre grupos de cultivares relacionados. Esto tiene importantes implicaciones para la mejora y protección de las variedades locales de tomate.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Germplasm characterization is an effective way to unravel morphological diversity in vegetative and fruit characters. This study was conducted to determine diversity in tomato (Solanum spp.) fruits using eight conventional descriptors (CD) and 47 Tomato Analyzer (TA) software descriptors related to fruit morphometry. Phenotyping was carried out on 50 accessions selected for morphological variation from the National Genetic Resources Bank. Variability was detected for fruit characteristics with CD and quantified by TA. Fruit shape was the main character used for visual grouping of accessions into ten different varietal groupings of shape: Circular (26 %), Flattened (20 %), Oboval (20 %), Pyriform (12 %), Elliptical (6 %), Chordate (6 %), Cylindrical (4 %), Oblong (2 %), Oval (2 %) and Flattened (2 %) and from very small to large size. Significant variation was observed for fruit weight (3.75-217.44 g), equatorial diameter (17.85-75.55 mm), polar diameter (17.57-96.76 mm), circumference (61.86-312.64 mm) and area (249.56-6367.57 mm). Principal component analysis contributed to the total variation and the first two explained 30.02 % of the variation where fruit shape index and proximal/distal end shape of the fruit showed high contribution in the variation of the first component. There was a strong positive correlation between fruit shape and fruit size, while negative correlations were between fruit shape index, internal eccentricity and proximal end shape. The results have shown that TA software descriptors and CD are a powerful tool for characterising and classifying tomato landraces, as well as for distinguishing between groups of related cultivars. This has important implications for the breeding and protection of tomato landraces.

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          Most cited references31

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          Phenomics--technologies to relieve the phenotyping bottleneck.

          Global agriculture is facing major challenges to ensure global food security, such as the need to breed high-yielding crops adapted to future climates and the identification of dedicated feedstock crops for biofuel production (biofuel feedstocks). Plant phenomics offers a suite of new technologies to accelerate progress in understanding gene function and environmental responses. This will enable breeders to develop new agricultural germplasm to support future agricultural production. In this review we present plant physiology in an 'omics' perspective, review some of the new high-throughput and high-resolution phenotyping tools and discuss their application to plant biology, functional genomics and crop breeding. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Domestication and Breeding of Tomatoes: What have We Gained and What Can We Gain in the Future?

            Background It has been shown that a large variation is present and exploitable from wild Solanum species but most of it is still untapped. Considering the thousands of Solanum accessions in different gene banks and probably even more that are still untouched in the Andes, it is a challenge to exploit the diversity of tomato. What have we gained from tomato domestication and breeding and what can we gain in the future? Scope This review summarizes progress on tomato domestication and breeding and current efforts in tomato genome research. Also, it points out potential challenges in exploiting tomato biodiversity and depicts future perspectives in tomato breeding with the emerging knowledge from tomato-omics. Conclusions From first domestication to modern breeding, the tomato has been continually subjected to human selection for a wide array of applications in both science and commerce. Current efforts in tomato breeding are focused on discovering and exploiting genes for the most important traits in tomato germplasm. In the future, breeders will design cultivars by a process named ‘breeding by design’ based on the combination of science and technologies from the genomic era as well as their practical skills.
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              Genetic and molecular regulation of fruit and plant domestication traits in tomato and pepper.

              Tomato and pepper are two Solanaceous fruit crops that display an enormous diversity in fruit morphology. In this review, we will present an overview of the history of tomato and pepper and discuss key plant traits that were specifically selected during domestication of the two species. The traits discussed are fruit weight, shape, colour, ripening, pungency and plant architecture. We will review these characteristics as well as the genetic loci or genes that control these features, questioning whether mutations at orthologous loci occurred independently in these two species or whether unique plant and fruit features resulted in selection at different genes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jsars
                Journal of the Selva Andina Research Society
                J. Selva Andina Res. Soc.
                Órgano oficial de la:; SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2072-9294
                2072-9308
                2022
                : 13
                : 2
                : 51-68
                Affiliations
                [1] Cochabamba orgnameInstituto Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria y Forestal orgdiv1Proyecto Nacional de Hortalizas Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
                Article
                S2072-92942022000200051 S2072-9294(22)01300200051
                10.36610/j.jsars.2022.130200051
                d0b11a71-512a-47ed-9b37-8cafcaff090f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 November 2021
                : 01 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Categories
                ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL

                Caracteres morfométricos,phenomics,Morphometric characters,Fenómica

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