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      Efectividad y seguridad de daratumumab y carfilzomib en el tratamiento del mieloma múltiple refractario Translated title: Effectiveness and safety of daratumumab and carfilzomib in the treatment of multiple refractory mieloma

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de daratumumab y carfilzomib en práctica clínica, y comparar estos resultados con la literatura disponible y ficha técnica. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional donde se recogieron pacientes en tratamiento con estos fármacos hasta mayo-2018 fuera de ensayo clínico. Se utilizó el parámetro supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP) para evaluar la efectividad, y la clasificación de la Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events y la ficha técnica para evaluar la seguridad. Resultados: Se analizó el tratamiento con daratumumab en 14 pacientes (media de 3,6 líneas de tratamiento previos y 5,1 ciclos de tratamiento) y el de carfilzomib en 21 pacientes (media de 3,1 líneas y 5,8 ciclos). La mediana de SLP observada fue de 4,8 meses para daratumumab y 5,8 meses para carfilzomib. Con daratumumab las reacciones adversas más frecuentes fueron trombocitopenia (50%), neutropenia (42,9%) y tos (42,9%), siendo las dos primeras las de mayor gravedad. Con carfilzomib, fueron anemia (95,2%), infección respiratoria (61,9%) y tos (61,9%), siendo trombocitopenia la más grave. Conclusiones: Daratumumab presenta una efectividad acorde a la literatura, pero inferior a la ficha técnica. Destaca la mayor incidencia de trombocitopenia, incluyendo casos graves. La efectividad de carfilzomib resulta inferior a la de ficha técnica, no siendo posible su comparación con otros estudios de práctica clínica. Se observa un peor perfil de seguridad, destacando la mayor incidencia de cardiotoxicidad y trombocitopenia en los casos más graves. Serán necesarios más estudios para dar solidez a estos hallazgos.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of daratumumab and carfilzomib in clinical practice, as well as to compare these results with the available literature and the fact sheet. Material and methods: Retrospective and observational study which patients were collected on treatment with these drugs until may-2018 out of clinical trial. The progression free survival (PFS) parameter was used to assess the effectiveness, and the classification of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and fact sheet to the safety assessment. Outcomes: Treatment with daratumumab was analyzed in 14 patients (mean of 3.6 previous treatment lines and 5.1 treatment cycles) and the carfilzomib treatment in 21 patients (mean of 3.1 lines and 5.8 cycles). The median PFS observed was 4.8 months for daratumumab and 5.8 months for carfilzomib. The most common adverse reactions with daratumumab were thrombocytopenia (50%), neutropenia (42.9%) and cough (42.9%), the first two being the most serious. With carfilzomib, they were anemia (95.2%), respiratory infection (61.9%) and cough (61.9%), with thrombocytopenia being the most severe. Conclusion: Daratumumab has a literature consistent effectiveness but inferior to the fact sheet. It highlights the higher incidence of thrombocytopenia, including the most severe cases. The effectiveness of carfilzomib is lower than the fact sheet, and its comparison with clinical practice studies is not possible. A lower safety profile is observed, highlighting the higher incidence of cardiotoxicity and thrombocytopenia in the most severe cases. Further studies will be needed to give strength to these findings.

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          Most cited references15

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          Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma.

          Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is a reference treatment for relapsed multiple myeloma. The combination of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone has shown efficacy in a phase 1 and 2 study in relapsed multiple myeloma.
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            Clinical efficacy of daratumumab monotherapy in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

            The efficacy and favorable safety profile of daratumumab monotherapy in multiple myeloma (MM) was previously reported. Here, we present an updated pooled analysis of 148 patients treated with daratumumab 16 mg/kg. Data were combined from part 2 of a first-in-human phase 1/2 study of patients who relapsed after or were refractory to ≥2 prior therapies and a phase 2 study of patients previously treated with ≥3 prior lines of therapy (including a proteasome inhibitor [PI] and an immunomodulatory drug [IMiD]) or were double refractory. Among the pooled population, patients received a median of 5 prior lines of therapy (range, 2 to 14 prior lines of therapy), and 86.5% were double refractory to a PI and an IMiD. Overall response rate was 31.1%, including 13 very good partial responses, 4 complete responses, and 3 stringent complete responses. The median duration of response was 7.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6 to not evaluable [NE]). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.0 months (95% CI, 2.8-5.6 months) and 20.1 months (95% CI, 16.6 months to NE), respectively. When stratified by responders vs stable disease/minimal response vs progressive disease/NE, median PFS was 15.0 months (95% CI, 7.4 months to NE) vs 3.0 months (95% CI, 2.8-3.7 months) vs 0.9 months (95% CI, 0.9-1.0 months), respectively, and median OS was NE (95% CI, NE to NE) vs 18.5 months (95% CI, 15.1-22.4 months) vs 3.7 months (95% CI, 1.7-7.6 months), respectively. No new safety signals were identified. In this pooled data set, daratumumab 16 mg/kg monotherapy demonstrated rapid, deep, and durable responses, with a clinical benefit that extended to patients with stable disease or better.
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              Carfilzomib or bortezomib in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): an interim overall survival analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

              The phase 3 ENDEAVOR trial was a head-to-head comparison of two proteasome inhibitors in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Progression-free survival was previously reported to be significantly longer with carfilzomib administered in combination with dexamethasone than with bortezomib and dexamethasone in an interim analysis. The aim of this second interim analysis was to compare overall survival between the two treatment groups.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                2021
                : 31
                : 2
                : 179-184
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario 12 de Octubre orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000200179 S1699-714X(21)03100200179
                10.4321/s1699-714x2021000200012
                d0c2ce6f-7677-4fe5-a640-d21afffa3573

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 December 2019
                : 20 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                drug safety,Daratumumab,carfilzomib,mieloma múltiple,eficacia,seguridad de medicamentos,multiple myeloma,effectiveness

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